Computer language

Computer language and its types

 COMPUTER LANGUAGE

• A programming language is used to write computer programs. It is a way of

communication between a user and a computer. A large number of programming
languages are available for writing programs. The programmer selects a
programming language according to the nature of the program.
 TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

• There are two types of computer programming languages.

1. Low-level languages
2. High-level languages
 Low level language

• Low level language are near to computer hardware and far from human languages.
• Low level language provides to programmer a high degree control.
• Low level language is close to machine. A machine can better understand this
language.
e.g.,
• If we develop a software on any intel architecture , then , this software will run
only on intel machines. This will not run on AMD. This is low language.
There are two types of low language.
1. Machine language
2. Assembly language
 Machine language

• A type of language in which instructions are written in binary form is called

machine language.
• It is the only language that is directly understood by the computer.
• It is the fundamental language of the computer.
• Program written in machine language is called object code.
• Instructions consist on 1’s and 0’s
e.g.,
110010101
11001100101
• It is also called the native language of computer.
 Advantages and disadvantages of machine language

Advantages:
• Machine language is the only programming language which needs no translator.
• It is directly understood by the computer.
• Machine language makes fast and efficient use of the computer.
Disadvantages:
• The programmer has to remember a lot of codes to write a program which results
in program errors.
• The programmer has to know details of hardware to write program
 Assembly language

• It is one step higher than machine language.

• In assembly language , symbols are used instead of binary code. These symbols are
called mnemonics.
• It is also called symbolic language.
• It is a second generation language.
• A translator is required to convert assembly language into machine code. Which is
called assembler.
 Advantages and disadvantages of assemly language

• Advantages:
• it is mainly hardware oriented.
• It requires less instruction to get the result.
• It is faster in speed, as its execution time is less.
• It is memory difficult efficient, as it requires less memory.
Disadvantages:
• It takes a lot of time and effort to write the code for the same.
• It is very complex and difficult to understand.
• The syntax is difficult to remember.
• It has a lack of portability of program between different computer architectures.
 High level language

• A language that is close to human language is called high level language.

• High-level languages are easy to understand.
• Instructions of these languages are written in English-like words such as input and
print etc.
• These languages consist of english words , basic mathematical symbols and a few
punctuation characters.
• A translator is required to convert source code( program that is written in high
level language) into object code.
 Examples of high level language

C,C++
JAVA:
It provides strong network features.
COBOL: (Common Business Oriented Language)
FORTRAN: (Formula Translation)
It is used to develop mathematical calculation or financial application.
BASIC:(Beginner’s All- Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
PASCAL etc.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOW AND HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
• It is a machine friendly language.
• Low level language is high memory
efficient.
• It is tough to understand.
• It is complex to debug comparatively.
• It is machine dependent
• It needs assembler translation.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
• . It is a programmer friendly language
• High level language is less memory
efficient.
• It is easy to understand.
• It is simple debug.
• It is simple to maintain.
• It is portable.
• It can run on any platform.
• It needs compiler or interpreter for
translation.