Giáo viên:

Bùi Nguyễn Hương Giang

A. CÁC THAY ĐỔI TRONG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
I. THAY ĐỔI ĐẠI TỪ (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ phản
thân, Đại từ sở hữu) VÀ TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU
1. Thay đổi Đại từ nhân xưng
Ex: Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this
exercise.”
→ Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to do
that exercise. (I → he)

“I love you so much,” Peter said to Mary.

→ _______________________________________

“I don’t want to go with Josh” said Anne.

-> _______________________________________

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2. Thay đổi Đại từ phản thân
Ex: He said to her, “I hurt myself.”
→ He said to her he hurt himself. (myself →
himself)
3. Thay đổi đại từ sở hữu
Ex: Mary said to Peter, “This book is mine”.
→ Mary said to Peter that book was hers. (mine →
hers)
4. Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu
Ex: She said to his ex–boyfriend, “Tom is my new
boyfriend.”
→ She said to his ex–boyfriend Tom was her new
boyfriend. (my → her)
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1. “I am going to do the project by myself” said Tina

-> Tina said she was going to do the project _____

2. “My mother has just lost her bag” said Tom

-> Tom said that _____ mother had just lost ____ bag.

3. “I don’t think your new lipstick suits you” said Jack to Mary

-> Jack told Mary that ______ didn’t think ______ new lipstick suited
__________.

4. “My teacher is going to buy our class a big cake” said Jane.

-> Jane said that ____________ was going to buy _____ class a big cake

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II. THAY ĐỔI THỜI GIAN, ĐỊA ĐIỂM VÀ CÁC TỪ CHỈ
ĐỊNH
Quy tắc thay đổi thời gian, địa điểm và các từ chỉ định
trong câu tường thuật:

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Ex: My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
→ My friend asked me if I was going to leave
____________

I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?”

→ I asked Bill what time he had gone to
bed____________

The policeman said, “There’s going to be a big

demonstration here.”
→ The policeman said there was going to be a big
demonstration _________

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III. THAY ĐỔI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ
1. Các trường hợp phải thay đổi thì
Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask, …) ở thì quá khứ
(said, told, asked, …), động từ trong câu gián tiếp phải
lùi về một thì so với câu trực tiếp.

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Ex: “I don’t know this man,” he said
→ He said he didn’t know that man. (Thì hiện tại
đơn → Thì quá khứ đơn)

“I’m working for a foreign company,” he said.

→ He said he was working for a foreign company.
(Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn → Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

“I’ve read a good book,” he said.

→ He said he _________________________

“I finished my assignment,” he said.

→ He said he _________________________
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Ex: “I will do it later,” he said
→ He said he ____________________

“I am going to take the entrance exam this July,” he

said.
→ He said he _________________________

“I can work late today,” he said.

→ He said he __________________________

“I must go now,” he said.

→ He said he __________________________

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2. Các trường hợp không phải thay đổi thì
a) Khi động từ tường thuật không được chia ở thì quá khứ
đơn
Ex: He says/is saying, “I don’t know the answer to
your question.”
→ He says/is saying to me (that) he doesn’t know
the answer to my question.

She has said, “The questions are very difficult.”

→ She has said (that) the questions are very
difficult.

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b) Khi động từ tường thuật được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn
- Câu trực tiếp tường thuật một sự thật phổ quát hoặc một
điều luôn luôn đúng hoặc một chân lý
Ex: My teacher said, “Russia is the biggest country in the
world.”
→ My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in
the world.

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- Khi trong câu trực tiếp, động từ được chia ởthì quá khứ
hoàn thành, quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc có
các trợ động từ tình thái hoặc bán tình thái sau: could,
should, would, might, used to, ought to, had better, had to
Ex: “Paul had lived here by 2000,” they said.
→ They said Paul had lived there by 2000.

He said, “They might win the game.”

→ He said to me that they might win the game.

He said, “I used to work all night.”

→ He told me he used to work all night.
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- Khi trong câu trực tiếp là các loại câu giả định: câu điều
ước (wish/If only), câu điều kiện không có thật (loại II,
loại III và loại hỗn hợp), cấu trúc “as if/as though”, cấu
trúc “It’s time/high time”, cấu trúc “would rather/would
sooner”
Ex: He said, “If I had time, I would help you.”
→ He said to me if he had time he would help me.

He said, “I wish I were richer.”

→ He told me he wished he were richer.

He said, “It’s time we went home.”

→ He said it was time they went home.
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1. She said she _____ take me home after school.
A. would B. did C. must D. has
2. Tom told me that they _____ meat since _____.
A. have not eaten/last year
B. did not eat/the following year
C. had not eaten/the year before
D. would not eat/the next year
3. I have ever told you he _____ unreliable.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be
4. John said he had worked on the reported since _____.
A. yesterday B. two days ago
C. the day before D. the next day
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5. John said that he had worked as a computer programmer
five years _____.
A. ago B. before C. later D. then
6. They said that they _____ their parents to repaint the
house at 10 o’clock the previous day.
A. had help B. was helping
C. have been helping D. had been helping
7. John wanted to know if I was leaving the _____ Saturday.
A. following B. ago C. previous D. before
8. They said they had come back _____.
A. yesterday afternoon B. the day before
C. last week D. the day before yesterday

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B. CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
I. CÂU TRẦN THUẬT (CÂU KỂ)
Trình tự thực hiện:
- Dùng các động từ giới thiệu say hoặc tell
- Đổi các đại từ, tính từ sở hữu; các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi
chốn, từ chỉ định và thì của động từ cho phù hợp
- Áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + said + (to O) + (that) + S* + V*
S + told + O + (that) + S* + V*

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Ex: He said to her, “I was sitting in the park at 8
o’clock.”
→ He said to her that he had been sitting in the
park at 8 o’clock.
→ He told her that he had been sitting in the
park at 8 o’clock.

She said, “I’m happy to see you again.”

→ She said that she was happy to see me again.

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II. CÂU HỎI
1. Câu hỏi nghi vấn (Câu hỏi không có từ để hỏi)
Trình tự thực hiện:
- Dùng các động từ giới thiệu ask, wonder, want to know
- Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, thì của động từ và các trạng từ
chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
- Áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + asked (+ O) + if/whether + S* + V*
S + wondered/wanted to know + if/whether + S* + V*
Ex: He said, “Do you know Bill?
→ He asked (me) if/whether I knew Bill.
“Will Tom be here tomorrow?” Marta wondered.
→ Marta _________________________________

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 Chú ý:
- Câu hỏi đuôi được tường thuật giống như câu hỏi nghi vấn
hoặc câu hỏi lựa chọn nhưng phải bỏ phần đuôi phía sau
Ex: She asked, “You will stay here, won’t you?”
→ She asked me if/whether I would stay there.

Yes và No được diễn đạt trong câu gián tiếp bằng

- Câu trả lời
chủ ngữ và trợ động từ tương ứng
Ex: Daniel said, “Is there a café nearby?” and Tom said “No”.
→ Daniel asked (Tom) if there was a café nearby
and Tom said there wasn’t.

He said, “Can you swim?” and I said “Yes”.

→ He asked (me) ________________________
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2. Câu hỏi trực tiếp (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)
Trình tự thực hiện:
- Dùng các động từ giới thiệu ask, wonder, want to know
- Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, thì của động từ và các trạng từ
chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
- Áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + asked (+ O) + từ để hỏi + S* + V*
S + wondered/wanted to know + từ để hỏi + S* + V*
Ex:He said, “What time does the film begin?”
→ He wanted to know what time the film began.
He said, “Mary, when is the next train?”
→ He asked Mary when the next train was.

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III. CÂU MỆNH LỆNH, CÂU YÊU CẦU, CÂU ĐỀ NGHỊ, LỜI
KHUYÊN, …
Trình tự thực hiện:
- Dùng các động từ giới thiệu thích hợp
- Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, thì của động từ và các trạng từ
chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
- Áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + asked/offered/invited/advised/… + O + to V

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1. ASK/TELL SB TO DO STH: yêu cầu ai làm gì
Ex: “Stay in bed for a few days,” the doctor said to me.
→ The doctor asked/told me to stay in bed for a few
days.
“Please don’t tell anybody what happened,” Ann said to
Jim.
→ Ann asked/told Jim not to tell anybody what had
happened.
2. PROMISE SB TO DO STH: hứa với ai sẽ làm gì
Ex: John said, “I’ll write for you.”
→ John promised to write for me.
3. ADVISE SB TO DO STH: khuyên ai làm gì
Ex: Tom said, “You should/ought to take a taxi, Mary.”
→ Tim advised Mary to take a taxi. 22
4. INVITE SB TO DO STH: mời ai làm gì
Ex: “Please sit down,” she said to me.
→ She invited me to sit down.
5. OFFER SB STH: mời ai cái gì
Ex: “Would you like a cup of tea?,” he said to her.
→ He offered her a cup of tea.
6. OFFER TO DO STH: đề nghị làm gì
Ex: They said, “We’ll pay for the meal.”
→ They offered to pay for the meal.
7. REMIND SB TO DO STH: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
Ex: “Don’t forget to order the wine,” said Mrs. Pit to her
husband.
→ Mrs. Pit reminded her husband to order the
wine.
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8. THREATEN TO DO STH: đe dọa làm gì
Ex: He told them, “I will kill you if you move.”
→ He threatened to kill them if they moved.
9. AGREE TO DO STH: đồng ý làm gì
Ex: She said to them, “OK! I will increase your salary.”
→ She agreed to increase their salary.
10. BEG/IMPLORE SB TO DO STH: cầu xin ai làm gì
Ex: She said to them, “Please, don’t kill me!”
→ She begged them not to kill her.
11. URGE SB TO DO STH: thúc giục ai làm gì
Ex:“Go on, apply for the job,” said Jack.
→ Jack urged me to apply the job.
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12. ENCOURAGE SB TO DO STH: khuyến khích ai làm gì
Ex: He said to the soldiers, “Fight until the end.”
→ He encouraged the soldiers to fight until the
end.
13. ORDER SB TO DO STH: ra lệnh cho ai làm gì
Ex: The officer said to the soldiers, “Kill all of them!”
→ The officer ordered the soldiers to kill all of
them.

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 Chú ý 1:
- Các cấu trúcCan/Could/Will/Would you … , please? hoặc
Would/Do you mind + –ing? được xem như một cấu trúc
yêu cầu → dùng ask/told
Ex: “Could you pass me the salt, please?”
→ He asked/told me to pass the salt.
- Cấu trúc Would you like …? được xem như lời mời → dùng
invite
Ex: “Would you like to go to the movies?”
→ He invited me to go to the movies.
Shall I/we …? hoặc Can I …? được xem như lời đề
- Cấu trúc
nghị → dùng offer
Ex: “Shall I carry your bags?” the porter said.
→ The porter offered to carry my bags.
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- Cấu trúc If I were, should + V, had better + V … được xem
như lời khuyên → dùng advise
Ex: “If I were you, I would stop smoking.”
→ She advised me to stop smoking.

- Cấu trúcLet’s …; Shall we …? hoặc Why don’t …? được xem

như lời gợi ý → dùng suggest
Ex: The guide said, “Let’s stop for a rest.”
→ The guided suggested stopping for a rest.

Đề THPTQG 2015: “Would you like to come to my 18th

birthday party?” he asked me.
→ He invited ______________________________________.
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 Chú ý 2: Các cấu trúc với động từ thường gặp:
1.APOLOGIZE (TO SB) FOR DOING STH: xin lỗi ai vì đã làm
gì
Ex: “Sorry, mum. I’ve damaged your bike,” said Jean.
→ Jean apologized to her mother for having damaged
her bike.
2.THANK SB FOR DOING STH: cảm ơn ai vì đã làm gì
Ex: “Sarah, thank you very much for sending the photos,”
Kevin said.
→ Kevin thanked Sarah for having sent the photos.
3.WARN SB NOT TO DO STH/AGAINST DOING STH: cảnh
báo ai đừng làm gì
Ex: “You mustn’t drink too much caffeine,” Marta said to me.
→ Marta warned me not to drink too much caffeine.
→ Marta warned me against drinking too much caffeine.
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4. ACCUSE SB OF DOING STH: buộc tội ai vì đã làm gì
Ex:“You have broken the windows, boys,” said the woman.
→ The woman accused the boys of having broken the
windows.
5. BLAME SB FOR DOING STH: đổ lỗi cho ai vì đã làm gì
Ex:“You have broken the windows, boys,” said the woman.
→ The woman blamed the boys for having broken the
windows.
6. CONGRATULATE SB ON DOING STH: chúc mừng ai vì
đã làm gì
Ex:“Sue, I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!,”
said Dane.
→ Dane congratulated Sue on having won the
championship.
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7. COMPLIMENT SB ON DOING STH/PRAISE SB FOR
DOING STH: khen ngợi vì đã làm gì
Ex: The man said to them, “Great! You have an excellent
show.”
→ The man complimented them on having an
excellent show.
→ The man praised them for having an excellent
show.
8. ADMIT DOING STH: thừa nhận đã làm gì
Ex: “That’s true,” said John, “I have handed in my
assignment too late.”
→ John admitted having handed in his assignment
too late.
9. DENY DOING STH: phủ nhận đã làm gì
Ex: “I didn’t steal the car,” said the man.
→ The man denied having stolen the car.
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10. INSIST ON DOING STH: khăng khăng đòi làm gì
Ex: She said, “Wait! I will go first.”
→ She insisted on going first.
11. PREVENT SB FROM DOING STH: cản trở ai làm gì
Ex: The policeman said to the woman, “Stop! You cannot
pass the road.”
→ The policeman prevented the woman from
passing the road.
12. CRITICIZE SB FOR DOING STH: chỉ trích ai vì đã làm gì
Ex: They said to him, “It was your big mistake to let her
pass.”
→ They criticized him for having let her pass.

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13. SUGGEST DOING STH: đề nghị, gợi ý làm gì
Ex: “Let’s go to the cinema tonight!” said Peter.
→ Peter suggested going to the cinema that night.
SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + (SHOULD) + V: gợi ý ai
nên làm gì
Ex: “Jean, let’s go to the cinema tonight!” said Peter.
→ Peter suggested that Jean should go to the cinema
that night.
14. REPROACH SB FOR DOING STH: trách móc vì đã làm gì
Ex: She said to him, “How could you sell my cat?”
→ She reproached him for selling her cat.
15. SCOLD SB FOR DOING STH: mắng ai vì đã làm gì
Ex: “You should have finished the report by now,” the boss
said to his secretary.
→ The boss scolded his secretary for not finishing
the report on time. 32
16. COMPLAIN (TO SB) ABOUT/OF DOING STH: phàn nàn
với ai vì đã làm gì
Ex: “You are always getting up late,” my mother said.
→ My mother complained to me about getting up
late.
17. SUSPECT SB OF DOING STH: nghi ngờ ai làm gì
Ex: “I think he stole that car,” my friend said.
→ My friend suspected him of having stolen that
car.
18. DOUBT + IF/WHETHER + S* + V*: nghi ngờ liệu điều
gì có xảy ra hay không
Ex: “I don’t think John will come,” said Bill.
→ Bill doubted if/whether John would come.
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Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2015: “I didn’t break the vase
of flowers,” the boy said.
→ The boy denied ________________________________.

Đề THPTQG 2016: “I’m sorry. I didn’t do the homework,”

Peter said to the teacher.
→ Peter apologised _______________________________.

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IV. CÂU HỖN HỢP
- Khi câu trực tiếp gồm nhiều loại câu kết hợp với nhau
(câu trần thuật + câu hỏi; câu hỏi + câu mệnh lệnh; câu
mệnh lênh + câu trần thuật, …) thì khi đổi sang câu gián
tiếp ta có thể đổi theo từng phần và dùng các động từ
giới thiệu thích hợp cho từng phần
Ex: “I have left my watch at home. What time is it now?”
he asked.
→ He said (that) he had left his watch and asked
(me) what time it was then.

“I’m going shopping. Can I get you anything?” she

said.
→ She said she was going shopping and asked if she
could get me anything.

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Ex: “Someone’s coming,” he said. “Get behind the screen.”
→ He said that someone was coming and told me to
get behind the screen.

“Let’s shop on Friday. The supermarket will be very

crowded on Saturday,” she said.
→ She suggested shopping on Friday and said that
the supermarket would be very crowded on Saturday.

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- Khi câu trực tiếp gồm các trần thuật câu kết hợp với nhau
thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta dùng chung động từ giới
thiệu và mỗi mệnh đề phải đươc bắt đầu bằng “that”
Ex: “I am very tired and I want to go to bed now,” Peter
said to us.
→ Peter told us that he was very tired and that he
wanted to go to bed then.

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