TENSES

TOEFL PREPARATION
 TENSES
TENSES

Pada dasarnya tense dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu : present (berbicara tentang hal/keadaan yang
relevan dengan masa sekarang) dan past (berbicara tentang hal/keadaan di masa lampau) Perubahan
tenses ditandai oleh perubahan predikat (Verb) baik itu berupa tobe, auxiliary, modal dan verb itu
sendiri.
TOBE AUXILIARY MODAL VERB
PRESENT Am Do Can Study
Are Do Must Speak
Is Doe Have / has Send
PAST Were Did Could
Was Did Had

Sebelum melanjutkan mari kita coba tentukan apakah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini
present ataukah past:
1. She stays at her uncle’s farm.
2. I went to the kitchen and had a cup of coffee.
3. When the air is clear, the sunset will appear yellow.
4. During her career, she produced seven books and more than fifty shorter works.
5. Those who suffer from a severe cold conditions might also want to see their
doctor for stronger medicine.
 TENSES
TENSES

NOTES :
Pada Simple tense predikat (verb) hanya berupa:
- Tobe saja; He was the best student at his school.
- Verb (kata kerja) saja; We study English once a week.
- Auxiliary diikuti verb pada kalimat negative; She doesn’t like cooking.
Pada Progressive / Contionus tense predikat selalu menyertakan tobe+Ving.
Ex : We were studying on Math when the bomb exploded.
The students are doing their exam.
Pada Future tense predikat selalu menyertakan will/would+V1.
Ex: Alison will do her job well.
My parents would register me for balet class.
Pada Perfect tense predikat selalu berupa Have/Has/Had+V3.
Ex: Naina has been a pharmacist since ten years ago.
my friends had given me some suggestions about wearing high heels.
 TENSES
TENSES

PRACTICE
Sekarang mari kita coba berlatih menentukan nama tense:
1. They come back home before dark and get ready for dinner.
2. It is convenient and important to be able to use over the counter drugs.
3. Sunsets over the sea may also be orange, due to salt particles in the air.
4. Then I visited one of my clients at three o’clock to talk about his financial plans.
5. My father says I am responsible for the toys and that I need to watch and make sure nothing breaks.
6. The age of technology has made life easier and made people more susceptible to heart disease.
7. The sky around the sun is seen reddened, as well as the light coming directly from the sun.
8. Mary's son, James VI of Scotland, succeeded Elizabeth to the English throne as James I.
9. After World War II, her fortunes declined and she died in 1960 as a penniless inmate at the Saint Lucie County
Welfare Home.
10. Most histories are concerned with causality, that is, why certain outcomes happened as they did, and how they
are linked to earlier events.
 VOCABULARIES
VOCABULARIES

come back home = pulang Age = era

get ready = bersiap Susceptible = rentan
convenient = nyaman, mudah heart disease = penyakit jantung
important = penting Reddened = memerah/menjadi merah
be able = dapat as well as = sama halnya dengan
use = menggunakan Fortunes = peruntungan
due to = dikarenakan declined = menurun
Air = udara penniless = miskin
visited = mengunjungi inmate = Penghuni RSJ
financial plans = rencana keuangan Causality = hubungan sebab akibat
responsible = bertanggung jawab certain = tertentu
watch = mengawasi outcomes = hasil
make sure = memastikan linked to = terhubung
Breaks = pecah Events = peristiwa
 GERUND
GERUND

Secara struktur, gerund dapat difungsikan sebagai Subjek, Objek dan Complement.
Dikatakan memiliki fungsi penting karena memang ketika gerund pada suatu kalimat
dihilangkan, maka kalimatnya menjadi tdk logis bahkan ketika susunan kalimatnya
diubah.
Perhatikan contoh penggunaan gerund berikut :

As subject
Recycling trash is good for our environement.
S V C
As Object:
We do recycling for our own good.
S V O
As Complement:
It is really fascinating to watch you do the concert.
SV C

Coba hilangkan gerundnya sambil diubah susunan kalimatnya.

 TO INFINITIVE
TO INFINITIVE

Sedangkan to invinitive, biasanya merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan karena
suatu kalimat memiliki 2 verb maka to digunakan untuk membedakan antara verb yang
satu dg yg lain. Kalaupun difungsikan sebagai subjek, biasanya bentuk kalimatnya
merupakan modifikasi dr kalimat awal:
Coba perhatikan contoh berikut:
I want to read a good book.
SV V O

Ketika kita hilangkan to read kalimatnya masih memiliki makna yg sempurna.

Sekarang perhatikan kalimat berikut:

To read a good book is what I want.

S S V C

Coba hilangkan to read, kalimatnya masih memiliki makna yg sempurna.