Application Of Matrices

By Math Winds
Matrices
Matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular
table of elements (or entries)

These elements are abstract quantities that can be

added and multiplied…..
Numbers
 Matrices come in all possible rectangular shapes , following
are the number of example of matrices

The size or dimension , of matrix is n x m, where,

 i.e. a matrix with same number of rows and column.
 If a square matrix has n rows and n column, we say that the matrix
has order n.

 The matrix is a square matrix of order 3

Example of matrices
 Every thing is in form of matrix , very small thing which is
in form of matrix is pixel.
Our television screen , our mobile screen is also in form of
matrix .
 Excel is also a matrix of large number of rows and
columns, and each box in excel is also a matrix.
Application Of Matrices
In Physics
 In physics related applications , matrices are applied in the
study of Electrical circuits, Quantum mechanics and
Optics.

 In the calculation of battery power outputs , resistor

conversion of electrical energy into another useful energy,
these matrices play a major role in calculations.
 Especially in solving the problem using Kirchoff’s laws of
voltage and current, the matrices are essential.
Use of matrix in circuit
Seismic Surveys
 Many geologists make use of certain type of matrices for
seismic surveys. The seismic survey is one form of
geological survey that aims at measuring the
earth’s(geo-)properties by means of physical(-physics)
principles such as magnetic, electric , gravitational,
thermal, and elastic theories.
In Economics
 Matrices are used to calculate gross domestic product in
economics, and help in calculation for producing goods
more efficiently.

 It is seen that through input-output analysis that is used in

matrix a researcher can get information about what level
of output should be of each industry at existing
technology.
In Economics
Computer Animation
 Matrix transform are very useful within the world of
computer graphics. software and hardware graphics
processor uses matrices for performing operations such as
scaling, translation, reflection and rotation.
Example
In Robotics and Automation
 In Robotics and Automation, matrices are the base
elements for the robot movements.
 The movements of robots are programmed with the
calculation of matrices rows and columns.
 The inputs for controlling robots are given based on the
calculations from matrices.
One More Example
Ronaldo gets the ball and pass it to Sultan, Sultan then
passes the ball to Messi , Messi passes the ball back to
sultan and many such passes are exchange.
Computer will not understand diagram so we make a small
table with 3 rows and 3 columns.
Cryptography
 Cryptography, is concerned with keeping communications
private.
 Cryptography mainly consists of Encryption and Decryption

 Encryption is the transformation of data into some

unreadable form.
 its purpose is to ensure privacy by keeping the
information hidden from anyone for whom it is not
intended, even those who can see the encrypted data.
 Decryption is reverse of encryption
 It is the transformation of encrypted data back into some
intelligible form.
 Encryption and Decryption require the use of some secret
information, usually referred as a key

 Depending on the encryption mechanism used, the same

key might be used for both encryption and decryption ,
while for other mechanisms the keys used for encryption
and decryption might be different.
Application of Matrix to
Cryptography
 One type of code , while is extremely difficult to break,
make use of large matrix to encode a message.

 The receiver of the message decode it using the inverse of

the matrix.

 The first matrix, used by the sender is called the encoding

matrix its inverse is called decoding matrix, which is
used by receiver.
 Message to be sent:
Prepare to Negotiate
and the encoding matrix be

We assign a number for each letter of the alphabet.

Such that A is 1,B is 2 and so on. Also we assign number 27
to space between words. Thus the message becomes:

16 18 5 16 1 18 5 27 20 15 27 14 5 7 15 20 9 1 20 5
Encoding
 Since we are using a 3 x 3 matrix , we break the
enumerated message above into a sequence of 3 by 1
vectors:

 Note that it is necessary to add a space at the end of the

message to complete the last vector.
 We encode the message by multiplying each of the above
vectors by encoding matrix.
 we represent above vectors as columns of a matrix and
perform its matrix multiplication with the encoding matrix.

 We get

 The column of the matrix give the encoded message.

 Encoding is complete.
Transmission
 The message is transmitted in a linear form

-122, 23, 138, -123, 19, 139, -176, 47,181,

-182, 41, 197, -96, 22, 101, -91, 10, 111,
-183, 32, 203
Decoding
 To decode the message
 The receiver writes this string as a sequence of 3 by 1
column matrices and repeats the technique using the
inverse of the encoding matrix.
 The inverse of the encoding matrix is decoding matrix

 To decode the matrix perform the matrix multiplication

 Matrix obtained as
Decode Message
 The column of the matrix , written in linear form, gives the
original message

 16 18 5 16 1 18 5 27 20 15 27 14 5 7 15 20 9 1 20 5

 Message received :

Prepare to Negotiate