CEILING

SUBMITTED TO – AR. CHETAN SACHDEVA

SUBMITTED BY – DOLAR BUHA / 11916595
What is FALSE CEILING? I
A dropped ceiling is a secondary ceiling, hung below the main N
(structural) ceiling.
They may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, false ceiling, or T
suspended ceiling, and are a staple of modern construction and
architecture.
R
HISTORY OF FALSE CEILING
Dropped ceilings and ceiling tiles were being used in Japan for
aesthetic reasons as early as the Muromachi Period (1337 to O
1573)
Initially modern dropped ceilings were built using interlocking tiles D
and the only way to provide access for repair or inspection of the
area above the tiles was by starting at the edge of the ceiling, or at
a designated "key tile", and then removing contiguous tiles one at U
a time until the desired place of access was reached.
Once the repair or inspection was completed, the tiles had to be
reinstalled. This process could be very time-consuming and C
expensive.
On September 8, 1958 Donald A. Brown of Westlake, Ohio filed T
for a patent for Accessible Suspended Ceiling Construction. This
invention provided suspended ceiling construction in which access
01I
may readily be obtained at any desired location.
O
 A
Types of false ceiling
(based on material) Advantages of false ceiling:
 A ceiling helps cool the room.
D
 When the height of the room is too
wooden much, providing a ceiling helps to V
reduce the height.
ceilings  "Reducing the height also helps in A
reducing the capacity of the air-
Gypsum conditioner ,covering the upper area
ceilings also has the multiple advantages such N
concealing the wiring, lighting fixtures,
air-conditioning ducts, security
Thermocol cameras, and other fixtures. T
ceilings  The ceiling also acts as an attractive
base for all kinds of decorative electric A
Armstron lights and fans. These apart, a ceiling
g helps eliminate echo in the room. In
bathroom, ceilings can be provided to G
ceiling hide the pipes or any other fittings
PVC ceiling above. 02
E
etc
S
 D
Disadvantages of false ceiling: I
 One disadvantage with this ceiling system is reduced headroom. Clearance is
required between the grid and any pipes or ductwork above to install the
ceiling tiles and light fixtures. In general, a minimum clearance of 100 to 200 S
millimetres (4 to 8 in) is often needed between the lowest obstruction and the
level of the ceiling grid.

A
A direct-mount grid may work for those who want the convenience of a
dropped ceiling, but have limited headroom. Stretch ceiling supports require
less than one inch of vertical space, and no space is required for tiles to be D
lifted out with a stretch ceiling, but a greater clearance space may be chosen
to allow room for MEC or for aesthetic reasons.
 Dropped ceilings generally conceal many of the functional and structural
V
elements of a building, creating an aesthetic paradigm that discourages the
use of functional building systems as aesthetic design elements. A
 Concealing these elements makes the complexity of today's advanced building
technologies more difficult to appreciate. It is also more difficult to perform
maintenance on or diagnose problems with the concealed systems. N
 As a renovation tool, dropped ceilings are a quick and inexpensive way to
repair a ceiling or reduce HVAC costs. Some materials may show their age T
quickly— for example, mineral fiber sags, is damaged easily when handled, and
stains easily, but stretch ceiling, tin and vinyl do not have these characteristics.
03
A
Wooden false ceiling W
Introduction O
 IT IS USED BOTH FOR PROVIDING ROOFING AND FOR
AESTHETICAL PURPOSE IN A BUILDING. O
 IT CAN BE USED BOTH FOR DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL PURPOSE.
Types of wooden false ceiling:- D
• Drop ceiling
• Ceiling tiles Laying method of suspended ceiling
• Plank ceiling(tongue and groove)
• Coffered ceiling
• Suspended ceiling
Suspended ceiling
 A non structural ceiling
 suspended below the overhead structural slab or from the structural
elements of a building andnot bearing onto the walls is known as 04
suspended ceiling.
• Drop ceiling • Ceiling tiles W
 Ceiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or
 A drop ceiling has two parts: drop
16" x 16" squares that are attached to
panels and a suspended metal grid,
an existing ceiling with easy-to-install
O
which hangs below an existing ceiling.
tracks and clips, nails, or glue.
O

Laying method Laying method

05
• Plank ceiling(tongue
and groove)
 Tongue and groove ceilings look like
real wood and can be attached directly
to an existing ceiling or inserted into a
suspended grid system.
• Coffered ceiling W
 Coffered ceilings are formed with
recessed panels surrounded by O
dropped beams that create a grid
pattern. It's a classic ceiling design
from Greek and Roman architecture
O
D

Laying method Laying method

06
 W
Name Rates Name Rates
O
A.C.P SHEET 3mm – 58 rupee sq.ft PARTICAL BOARD 26 rupee sq.ft
4mm – 61 rupee
sq.ft O
PLY WOOD 13mm – 150 rupee sq.ft Laser cutting 1min 15 rupee for all
wood false ceiling cutting
M.D.F 6mm – 21 rupee sq.ft D

BLOCK 71 rupee sq.ft

BOARD
VEENER 69 rupee sq.ft

LAMINATES 37 rupee sq.ft

ESPEST 48 rupee sq.ft

O
SHHET
SAAG 2200 rupee cubic feet
WOOD
07
• FALSE CEILING OF POP
• BASIC HISTORY OF POP:-
• First used in the 1700s due to large quarry deposits of gypsum located in
Montmartre, a district of Paris, which was a leading center of plaster.
• It is a mixture of calcined gypsum (calcium sulfate dehydrate), sand and
water.
• When these ingredients are mixed together and the subsequent paste is
allowed to dry, it hardens and forms a tough coating.
• As tough as plaster of Paris is when dry, it is still soft enough to be
sanded and carved.
• Artists use plaster of Paris to create sculpture surface.
• The Greeks and romans used plaster to create replicas of their more
famous artwork.
• The use of finely ground gypsum plaster to create decorative molding
was popular during the 18th and 19th centuries.
• Painting in fresco on a thin layer of wet plaster of Paris.
• Compositions of POP
• POP simply means plaster of Paris a type
of ceiling that originated from France.
• Use of a white powder (calcium trioxo
carbonate) for molding the ceiling into any
form and pattern.
• Finishing methods of pop
• Usually finished with application of
paints.
• White paints are the most predominant choice
when pop ceilings are used.
• Advantages :-
• Best known for the aesthetic appeal and
Method for fixing the POP false
ceiling
• Step 1:-
• FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR
PLATER CEILING.
• Fixing a aluminum or wooden framework to act as supporting
structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams.
• Wooden supports with a spacing of 40 cm.
• The panels are then screwed to the wooden framework.
• Step 2:-
• Fixing a suspended framework to a plasterd ceiling.
• Screw the supports to the existing ceiling using screws and plugs.
• Fix the supports at the same height.

• Step 3:-
• Fixing vertical struts to the supports
• Decide on the height of the new ceiling.
• Measure the desired height from the floor and make it off the 4 corners.
• Fix the struts with a spacing of 60 cm.

• Step 4:-
• Fixing the wall supports and framework members.

• Step 5:-
• Apply the insulation
• The insulations panels are then fitted over the framework members.
• Step 6:-
• Fix the first row of ceiling panels
• Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side against the wall, using 25
mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between srews of 20 cm.
• An 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and wall.
• This gap is later covered with a finishing strip.

• Step 7:-
• Cutting panels to length.
• at the end of the row,
• Measure the required
• Length and mark this
• Off
• Step 8:-
• Finishing the joints.
• Make sure the joints are clean and dust free.
• Fill the gap with grouting paste and a putty knife.
• Drying for 24 hours, apply the second layer if necessary
and sand smooth after drying.
• .
• Step 9:-
• Edging profile.
• For a neat finish in the corners, cut the ends of the finishing
strips at 45 degree.
• Companies of POP sheets:-
• 1. GYPROC FALSE CEILINGS
• 2.MADA
• 3.CERELEX
• 4.GYPSUM INDIA
• 5.UMAN
• COST OF POP PER SQ FEET IN VADODARA – 1 Rs.
• About POP sheets……
• Thickness- 10, 12, 14 MM
• Sizes-
• 6*4 feet (cost 380 Rs. – gyproc company)
• 2*3 feet
• Suspension materials:-
• Alumium and galvanized iron or wood.
*Now a days ,
gypsum tiles of
600*600 mm
along with the pop
sheets.
*The grid is already
made of the tile size
and it is fixed upon
it.
COMPARISON OF P.O.P & GYPSUM
CEILLING
• P.O.P • GYPSUM
1. P.OP BOARD SIZE 2’ X 3’ 1. GYSPUM BOARD SIZE 3’ X 6’
2. MORE JOINT 2. LESSER JOINT THAN P.O.P CEILLING
3. LESSER ON COST 3. COSTLIER INSTOLATION THAN P.O.P
4. REQUIRES MORE CHANNEL 4. LESS CHANNEL THAN P.O.P
5. PRICE OF Sq. FEET IS 30 5. PRICE OF ONE Sq. FEET IS 35 TO 40
TO 35 RS. RS.
6. HEAVIER THAN GYPSUM 6. LIGHTER THAN P.O.P
7. SHORTER LIFE SPAM 7. LONG LASTING THAN P.O.P
8. POSSIBLILITY OF CRAKE IS 8. POSSIBILITY OF CRAKES IS LESS
MORE 9. CUTTING EASIER THAN P.O.P
9. CUTTING IS HARD THAN 10. HAS MORE STRENGTH THAN P.O.P
GYPSUM
10. HAS LESS STRENGTH THAN
 GYPSUM