Kuliah 3: Sejarah Pertanian

IPB 107; 2(2-0)

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SEJARAH PERTANIAN

TIK :
Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, anda akan
dapat menjelaskan sejarah pertanian.

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Sejarah pertanian

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 Sejarah pertanian

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 Sejarah Pertanian

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History of Agriculture
 Hunter-Gatherers
 Neolithic Revolution
 Domestication of Plants and Animals
 Diffusion of Agriculture
 Agricultural Industrialization
 The “Green Revolution”
 Modern Agribusiness

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Pemburu dan Pengumpul

 Hingga 11,000 SM,

disemua benua sebagai
pemburu dan
pengumpul
 11,000 SM -1500 AD
perbedaan
perkembangan antar
benua
The spread of humans around the world.
How do we know? Archaeology
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 Hunter-Gatherers
 Humanity’s only “economic” activity for at
least 90% of our existence.
 Low population densities.
 Wide variety of natural foodstuffs eaten.

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Asal muasal Pangan
Area Domesticated Domesticated
Date Plants Animals
S.W. Asia Wheat, Pea, Sheep, Goat
8,500 B.C. Olive

China Rice, Millet Pig, Silkworm

7,500 B.C.
Mesoamerica Corn,Beans Turkey
3500 B.C. Squash
A question mark indicates this Andes, Potato Llama
may be an origin or Amazonia Manioc Guinea pig
influenced by the spread of 3500 B.C.
food production. Eastern United Sunflower, None
States Goosefoot
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2500 B.C.
 Dibudidayakan
 Liar sudah berkurang
 Perkembangan teknologi
pengumpulan, pengolahan
dan penyimpanan
 Pertambahan penduduk dan
produksi pangan

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Tumbuhan utama zaman Purba
Area Cereals & Grasses Pulses Fiber Roots & Tubers Melons
Fertile emmer and einkorn pea, lentil, chickpea flax ------ muskmelon
Crescent wheat, barley

China Foxtail millet, broom soybean, adzuki hemp ------ ------

corn millet, rice bean, mung bean
Meso- corn pole bean, scarlet cotton, jicama squashes
america runner bean yucca
Andes quinoa lima bean, pole bean cotton manioc, sweet potato, squashes
Amazonia potato, oca

West Africa Sorghum, millet, African cowpea, ground nut cotton African yams watermelon,
rice bottle gourd
India ------ Hyacinth bean, gram cotton, ------ cucumber
bean flax
Ethiopia finger millet ------ (coffee) ------ ------ ------
E. United maygrass, barley, ------ ------ Jerusalem artichoke squash
States knotweed, goosefoot
New Guinea sugar cane ------ ------ yams, taro ------

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Fertile Crescent
 Civilization; cities, writing,
empires, and agriculture.
 Mediterranean climate.
 Easily domesticated
plants.
 Most of the plants
pollinate themselves.

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Mediterranean Climate

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Mediterranean Agriculture
Where: areas surrounding the
Mediterranean, California, Oregon,
Chile, South Africa, Australia
Climate has summer dry season.
Landscape is mountainous.
crops: olives, grapes, nuts, fruits and
vegetables; winter wheat
California: high quality land is being
lost to suburbanization; initially offset
by irrigation
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Potato, native of Peru
 Native to the Andes of Peru, the
potato plant is now cultivated
throughout the temperate regions
of the world. It is grown for
human consumption and for its
starch.
 Other uses or connections
 manufacture alcohol
 Adhesives
 Underground, safe food for
warring factions

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 Sugarcane, native to Polynesia
 The common sugarcane is
extensively cultivated in
tropical and subtropical
countries throughout the world
for the sugar contained within
its many-jointed stems.
Sugarcane grows to about 8 to
20 feet high and has stems 1 to
2 inches thick.
 Other uses or connections
 rum
 slavery
 food additive

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 Cotton, native to Asia

 Cotton, natural vegetable fiber of

great economic importance as a
raw material for cloth. Its
widespread use is largely due to
the ease with which its fibers are
spun into yarns and it comfort.
 Other uses or connections
 textile
 seed oil
 papermaking
 slavery

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 Tea, native to East Asia

 Tea, is brewed from the dried

leaves of this plant and has been
drunk in China for centuries. It
was first brought to Europe by the
Dutch in the early 17th century
AD. England became the only
European country of tea drinkers
rather than coffee drinkers.
 Other uses or connections
 Creation of cups with handles
 China, Hong Kong, and India
become part of the British
empire

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Mengadakan ekosistem buatan yang
bertugas menyediakan bahan makanan

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Biji-bijian dan bertanam; berburu dan
beternak; mencari ikan dan budidaya;
mengolah tanah dan menyimpan; pasar
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Pertanian Menetap
Ekosistem mantap, stabilitas tanah,
pasokan hara, sawah

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budidaya ikan

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sayuran

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usaha budidaya jamur

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