Petrophysics

Pet-E-203L
Lab Instructor :
Engr. Muhammad Awais Qureshi

Department of Petroleum &

Gas Engineering 04/13/2021
 Experiment # 02:
• To Measure the Absolute Porosity of a Given Core Sample
Volumetrically

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 Objective
• The objective of this experiment is to find the porosity of
given core sample obtained during subsurface coring operation
through volumetric measurements.

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 Apparatus
• Core Sample
• Vernier Caliper
• Graduated Beaker
• Hammer
• Safety gloves
• Helmet

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 Related Theory
• What is Coring?
• It is the process of extracting core from formation through
wellbore. A coring bit hollow from center drills into formation
and a core barrel attached above coring bit stores the core.
Maximum size stored or retrieved at a single time is of 30 ft.
coring is done primarily for the porosity determination.
• What is Porosity?
• Porosity is a measure of how much of a rock is open space.
This space can be between grains or within cracks or cavities
of the rock. It is a ratio of the volume of voids to the total rock
Volume, represented by a fraction between 0 and 1, or as a
percentage between 0 and 100%.

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 Porosity Classification
Porosity (Ø) Can be classified as follows:
• Geological Classification:
• Primary porosity: This is porosity in rock that was formed
during sedimentation. Primary porosity depends on several
factors, such as depositional environment, grain size and
shape, distribution of sand grains, cementation between grains
etc.
• Secondary Porosity: This is formed during rock diagenesis.
Chemical reaction dissolves rock grains and it results in void
spaces in the rock.

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• Engineering Classification:
• Absolute Porosity: It is a ratio of total Pore space to a rock
bulk volume. This will not account for voids which are not
connected to others.
• Effective Porosity: It is a ratio of interconnected pore spaces to
a rock bulk volume. This is a more appropriate parameter to
calculate fluid volume in a reservoir.
• Sorting Factors:
• The porosity of a rock depends on many factors with the most
prominent one being how well sorted the particles of the rock are.
• If a rock is made up of only one size of particles. it is called well-
sorted. However, if the rock has a bunch of differently sized
particles, it is poorly - sorted. A poorly sorted rock has a lower
porosity than a well-sorted rock. This is because the smaller
particles will fall into the empty spaces filling them up.

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 Measurement Procedure
•1)   Check if any zero error is present in the vernier caliper or not.
If present, note the correction to be done in the observation.
2) Measure the length and diameter of the core sample using
vernier caliper and find the bulk volume of the given core
sample using formula given below
Diameter = d= __________
Radius =
Core Length = l = _________
Bulk Volume = Vb
3) Crush the core sample using hammer to the size of the grains.

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•4) Take
  fixed amount of water in a graduated beaker and note
down the initial water level.
5) Add the crushed core into the beaker resulting in a rise in
water level. Note the new later level as well.
6)Calculate the difference between the observations from Steps 4
and 5 above. This will give volume of grains in the core.
7)Calculate the pore volume by subtracting grain volume from
bulk volume.
Vp = Vb— Vg
Calculate the porosity using the formula

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 Observation and
Calculations
•• Length
  of the Core Sample= ___________ cm
• Diameter of Core Sample= ____________ cm
• Radius = = _________________ cm
• Bulk Volume = Vb = ___________ cm3
• Initial Volume of Water =Vw. In _______ mL
• Final Volume of water = Vw. fn________ mL
• Grain Volume = Vw.fn- Vw.in= _______________ mL or Cm3
o Since 1mL = 1 Cm3

• Pore volume = Vb – Vg= _______________ cm3

• ___________ %

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 Precautions
1) The vernier caliper should be carefully observed for zero
error and subsequent correction.
2) The core sample should be properly ground to particle size in
order to ensure that no pore spaces are left in the ground
sample.
3) Lower meniscus should be read while noting down water
levels in graduated cylinder.
4) Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (gloves,
goggle etc.) while grinding the core sample.

04/13/2021