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DAYCENT Model Overview, Testing and Application To Agroecosystems
DAYCENT Model Overview, Testing and Application To Agroecosystems
Potential Growth
(CO2,T,H2O) Crop
GRAIN
H2O C,N,P,S
Nutrients
Shading
SHOOT SURFACE
C,N,P,S LITTER
Tillage
NPP Temp
Phenology H2O
Nutrient/H2O stress
ROOT SOIL
C,N,P,S LITTER
Temp
H2O
PG = Gpot*F(light)*F(LAI)*F(Temp)*F(H2O)
Tair Sublimation
SNOW PET
Evap
PET BIOMASS Tair
INTERCEPTION
PET Melting
PET Infiltration
ROOT KSAT
KSAT
H2O 0-1 cm
K SAT hpot
H2O 1-4 cm
OUTFLOW
KSAT hpot
H2O 4-15 cm
KSAT hpot
H2O 15-30 cm
KSAT hpot
K SAT
H2O 145-160 cm
Parton et al. 2001
Parton et al. 2001
coarse
fine
•Germination = F(Tsurface)
300
grain sim
250 grain obs
-1
gC m yr
-2
200
150
100
50
0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
16
N grain sim
14 N grain obs
12
10
-1
gN m yr
-2
8
6
4
2
0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
20 KBS DF
15 s im
obs
-1
d
-1
10
Nh
N2Og a
50 K B S P lo w H ig h F e r t
40
-1
30
d
s im
-1
obs
N2OgNha
20
10
0
1 /1 /9 6 7 /1 /9 6 1 2 /3 0 /9 6 6 /3 0 /9 7 1 2 /2 9 /9 7
350 Corn - CT Irr Fert
300
-1 250 N2O sim
N2O obs
gN ha d
200
-1
150
100
50
0
03/15/02 04/14/02 05/14/02 06/13/02 07/13/02 08/12/02 09/11/02
80 N2O sim
-1
N2O obs
gN ha d
-1
60
40
20
0
03/15/02 04/14/02 05/14/02 06/13/02 07/13/02 08/12/02 09/11/02
1000
N2O gN/ha/d
obs N2O
sim N2O
500
0
0 25 50 75 100
days after fert
IPCC Emission Factor Calculations
0.4
0.2
0
l fa io
n at rn eat le
y rn rn w
fa t e co h r co co llo
al ta wh w ba fa
S ro wa CO TN y/
KB S NE tt a CO CO so
KB O IA
25 mean N leached
20
obs
gN m-2 yr-1
15 DC
10 EF
0
N N rn o
N N N
co at
ow ed gh gh no po
t
n
l m hi hi rn
ea n n rn co
ea ea co
yb yb yb
so so so
r n/ n/ r n/
co r
co co
400
obs
gC m-2 yr-1
300
DC
200
100
0
KBS alfalfa KBS NE wheat Ottawa corn/soy corn corn/potato
rotation corn
a) 2
1.5
modeled N2O gN m-2 yr-1
y = 0.76x + 0.05
R2 = 0.72
EF
DAYCENT
1
Linear (EF)
Linear (DAYCENT)
y = 0.34x + 0.26
0.5 R2 = 0.63
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2 -1
observed N2O gN m yr
b) 25
y = 0.97x - 0.13
20 2
R = 0.96
modeled NO3 leached gN m-2 yr-1
EF
15 DAYCENT
Linear (EF)
Linear (DAYCENT)
10
y = 0.47x + 0.95
2
R = 0.74
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
-2 -1
observed NO3 leached gN m yr
Fig4
National GHG Inventory
•Bruce McCarl’s 63 regions
wheat
cotton
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
Regional Level Validations
600
State Level Grain/Hay Yield Validations
500
400
sim gC m-2 yr-1
300
200
R2 = 0.65
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
obs gC m yr-1
-2
100
Grain and Hay Yields
90
80
yield obs
70 yield sim
annual Tg C
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
Simulated Regional N2O Emissions
25
Direct N2O
20
annual Tg C
15 EF
DC
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
9
Indirect N2O
8
6
annual Tg C
5 EF
DC
4
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
30
Total N2O
25
20
annual Tg C
EF
15 DC
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
N2O by Crop
16
Direct N2O
14
12
EF
10
annual Tg C
DC
8
0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat
5
Indirect N2O
EF
annual Tg C
3 DC
0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat
18
Total N2O
15
12 EF
annual Tg C
DC
9
0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat
National N2O and GHGnet
60
N2 O
50
40
annual Tg CO2-C
EF
30 DC
20
10
0
direct Indirect total
20 GHGnet
CO2
CH4
15
N2O
Nfert
annual Tg CO2-C
10 GHGnet
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
-5
40 GHGnet
35
30
25
annual Tg CO2-C
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
CO2 CH4 N2O Nfert GHGnet
Area normalized N2O
25 N2O Direct
20
-2
annual gC m
15
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
20 N2O indirect
18
16
recent modern cropping
14 pre 1940 management
-2
annual gC m
12 native vegetation
10
8
6
4
2
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
40 N2O total
35
30
-2
annual gC m
25
20
15
10
5
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
Area normalized GHGnet
40 GHGnet
10
-10
-20
CO2 CH4 N2O Nfert GHGnet
8 EPA
-1
Tg N yr
6 DC
0
N fert manure sludge N fix resudue N
5000 Major Crop Areas wheat
hay
4000
corn
3000 soy
ha
cotton
2000
1000
0
CO KS MT ND NE NM OK SD TX WY
IM
10
-2
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
10000 Mean GHG fluxes
5000
-1
0
ton CO2-C yr
-5000 BAU
IM
-10000
-15000
-20000
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
30 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area
25
20
15
wheat/fallow
-1
10
gCO2-C m yr
wheat/corn/fallow
-2
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
40
20
-1
0
gCO2-C m yr
-2
-20
wheat continuous
-40 corn/soy/wheat
-60
-80
-100
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
80 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area
60
40
-1
gCO2-C m yr
20
-2
-60
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet