CONCEPTS OF LITERATURE ASSESSMENT

&
TEST TYPES

Jennifer C. Padilla, MAEng Student

CONCEPTS OF LITERATURE
ASSESSMENT
Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information
about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving
student learning and development.

( Palomba and Banta 1999)

 Assessment
FOR Learning Validity
Reliability

Summative
Formal Assessment Alternative
Assessment OF Assessment Assessment
Learning

Formative Informal
Criterion- Assessment Assessment Norm-
referenced referenced
tests tests
Assessment AS
Learning Traditional
Assessment
RELIABILITY
vs
VALIDITY
  consistency of a measure
 a test is considered reliable if we get
RELIABILITY the same result repeatedly

 a test measures what it is supposed to

VALIDITY measure
"A test cannot be VALID
if it is UNRELIABLE"
 NORM-REFERENCED
vs
CRITERION-REFERENCED
TESTS
Norm-Referenced
 to measure the relative
performance of individuals
within a group
 to rank each student with respect
to the achievement of others in
broad areas of knowledge
Criterion-Referenced
 to measure whole group
performance
 to determine whether each
student has achieved specific
skills or concepts
EXAMPLES:

Proficiency Test Achievement Test

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
vs
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
FORMATIVE
SUMMATIVE

G
 to monitor student's learning to
 to evaluate student learning at
provide ongoing feedback that
the end of the semester/year by
can be used by teachers to
improve their teaching and by
students to improve their
O comparing it against some
standard or benchmark
learning
A
L
EXAMPLES OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Monthly Quiz

Examinations
 FORMAL ASSESSMENT
vs
INFORMAL ASSESSMENT
  designed to tell how well a student has
progressed as evaluated against other
Formal Assessment students
 less spontaneous: typically occur in T &
L process

 used to evaluate a student's own

Informal Assessment performance and progress individually
 more spontaneous; typically occur
during the T & L process
EXAMPLES OF INFORMAL ASSESSMENT
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT
vs
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
TRADITIONAL
 standardized testing that uses questions with a limited number of answer choices
ALTERNATIVE
 a form of assessment in which students are asked to perform real-world tasks that
demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills
ASSESSMENT
FOR, AS, OF
LEARNING
 ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING

 the use of a task or an activity for the purpose of determining students'

progress (formative assessment)
 students are provided valuable feedback on their learning
 ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING

Participatory Learning

 self-assessment
 involves students in the learning process
 students learn and improve themselves using self-assessment and teacher's
feedbacks
 ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

 summative, at the end

 judges according to pre-set criteria
 assists teacher in using evidence of student's learning to assess students' achievement
against learning goals and standard (summative assessment)
 "Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a
fish on its ability to climb a tree, it will live
its whole life believing that it is stupid"
- A. Einstein