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8 - Flexible Pavement Design-AASHTO Method
8 - Flexible Pavement Design-AASHTO Method
8 - Flexible Pavement Design-AASHTO Method
Freeze Time
Recovery
Time
Drainage
Water affect the strength of base and roadbed soil.
The approach is to provide a suitable drainage layer (see
Fig. 20.19) , and by modifying the structural layer
coefficient by incorporating the factor (mi) for the base
and subbase layer coeffiecients (a2 & a3).
The coefficient depends on:
1. Quality of drainage: measured by the length of time it
takes water to be removed from base or subbase up to
(50% of saturation).see Table 20.14 in text for
definitions of drainage quality.
2. Percent of time the pavement structure is saturated.
See Table 20.15 in text and Table 16.7 in Ref. For
recommended (m) values for different levels of drainage
quality.
Reliability
It provides a predetermined level of assurance (R) that
the pavement section will survive the period for which
they were designed.
Reliability Design Factor: Accounts for chance
variations in both traffic prediction & performance
prediction.
(R) is a mean of incorporating some degree of
certainty into the design to ensure that the various
design alternatives will last the analysis periods.
(R) is a function of the overall standard deviation (So).
See Table 20.16 in text or Table 16.6 in Ref. for
suggested levels of Reliability for various functional
classifications.
Overall So
So: Overall standard deviation that accounts for
standard deviation (or variation) in materials &
construction, chance variation in traffic prediction, and
normal variation in pavement performance.
So = 0.45 for flexible pavement (0.40 - 0.50)
So = 0.35 for rigid pavements (0.30 -0.40).
Reliability Factor (Fr >= 1.0)
Log (Fr) = - (Zr) (So)
Zr = Standard Normal Variate for a given reliability (R
%).
See Table 20.17 in text for Zr values for different
Reliability levels.
Structural Design
The objective of the AASHTO method is to
determine a flexible pavement stuructural
number (SN) adequate to carry the projected
design ESAL.
It is left to the designer to select the type of
surface used, which can be either asphalt
concrete, a single surface treatment, or a
double surface treatment.
The design procedure is used for ESAL >
50,000 for the performance period.
Basic Design Equation
Structural Number (SN)
SN = F (pavement layer thickness, layer
coefficient, & drainage coefficient)
Required Inputs (See Fig.20.20 in text
and 16.11 in Ref.):
ESAL
Reliability
So
Effective roadbed (Mr)
PSI
Selection of Pavement Thickness
Design
Once SN is determined, it is necessary to
determine the thickness of various
Layers.
SN = a1 D1 + a2 D2 m2 + a3 D3 m3
ai : Coefficient of layer i
Di : Thickness of layer i
mi : Drainage Modifying Factor for layer i.
General Procedure for Selection
Layer Thickness
General Procedure for Selection
Layer Thickness Cont.
1. Using (E2) as Mr and (Fig. 20.20 or16.11),
determine SN1 required to protect base. Then
compute thickness of Layer D1 as:
D1 >= SN1/ a1