SOFTWAR

E PROJECT
PLANNING
UNIT-1
 INTRODUCTION
• Software project planning is task, which is performed
before the production of software starts.
• It is there for the software production but involves no
concrete activity that has any direction connection with
software production; rather it is a set of multiple
processes, which facilitates software production.
Project planning include the following:

I. SCOPE II. PROJECT

MANAGEMENT ESTIMATION
 I. Scope Management

01 02 03 04 05 06
During Project Define the scope Decide its Divide the Verify the scope Control the scope
Scope verification and project into by incorporating
management, it is control various smaller changes to the
necessary to - parts for ease of scope
management.
II. Project Project estimation may involve the
Estimation following:

Software size estimation

Effort estimation

Time estimation

Cost estimation
 Cost Estimation
This might be considered as the most difficult of all because it depends on more
elements than any of the previous ones. For estimating project cost, it is required to
consider -
• Size of software
• Software quality
• Hardware
• Additional software or tools, licenses etc.
• Skilled personnel with task-specific skills
• Travel involved
• Communication
• Training and support
Cocomo (Constructive Cost Model) is a regression
model based on LOC, i.e. number of Lines of Code.

It is a procedural cost estimate model for software

COC
OMO
projects and often used as a process of reliably
predicting the various parameters associated with
making a project such as size, effort, cost, time and
quality.

Model
It was proposed by Barry Boehm in 1970 and is based
on the study of 63 projects, which make it one of the
best-documented models.
 Key
parameters Effort: Amount of labor that will be
required to complete a task. It is measured
of in person-months units.

COCO Schedule: Simply means the amount of

time required for the completion of the
job, which is, of course, proportional to

MO
the effort put. It is measured in the units
of time such as weeks, months.
 Boehm’s definition

ORGANIC, SEMIDETACHED, EMBEDDED

SYSTEMS
 Organic – 
A software project is said to be an organic
type if the team size required is adequately
small, the problem is well understood and
has been solved in the past and the team
members have a nominal experience
regarding the problem.
 A software project is said to be a Semi-detached type if the vital
characteristics such as team-size, experience, knowledge of the
various programming environment lie in between that of organic
and Embedded.

Semi-
detached: The projects classified as Semi-Detached are comparatively less
familiar and difficult to develop compared to the organic ones
and require more experience and better guidance and creativity.

Eg: Compilers or different Embedded Systems can be

considered of Semi-Detached type.
 • A software project with requiring
the highest level of complexity,
Embedded –  creativity, and experience
requirement fall under this
category.
• Such software requires a larger
team size than the other two models
and the developers need to be
sufficiently experienced and
creative to develop such complex
models.
Types of Models:
COCOMO consists of a hierarchy of three increasingly detailed and accurate
forms. Any of the three forms can be adopted according to our requirements.
These are types of COCOMO model:
1. Basic COCOMO Model
2. Intermediate COCOMO Model
3. Detailed COCOMO Model
 Basic COCOMO 
• The first level, Basic COCOMO can be
used for quick and slightly rough
calculations of Software Costs.
• Its accuracy is somewhat restricted due
to the absence of sufficient factor
considerations.
Intermediate • Intermediate COCOMO takes
& Detailed these Cost Drivers into account
and Detailed COCOMO
COCOMO
additionally accounts for the
influence of individual project
phases, ie. in case of Detailed it
accounts for both these cost drivers
and calculations are performed phase
wise henceforth producing a more
accurate result.
Estimation of Effort: Basic Model
SOFTWARE
A B
PROJECTS

Organic 2.4 1.05

Semi Detached 3.0 1.12

Embedded 3.6 1.20

Estimation of Effort: Intermediate Model 

SOFTWARE
A B
PROJECTS

Organic 3.2 1.05

Semi Detached 3.0 1.12

Embedded 2.8 1.20

EAF= Effort Adjustment Factor