HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

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GROUP MEMBERS

 VEDRA KANYENZE
 ROY B CHIVISI
 HARDWORK MAKUYANA
 NGONIDZASHE MANHANGA
 BLESSING SIBANDA
 RUKUDZO HUNGOIDZA
HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

 • The fluid discharged by the pump is directed to the ‘hydraulic

 actuator’. The actuator convert the pressure energy of the fluid into
 mechanical energy. There are 3 basic type of hydraulic actuator.
 • The actuators convert the fluid pressure to a suitable linear or rotary
 motion.
 • Linear motion – Hydraulic cylinder
 • Rotary motion – Hydro motor
 • Rotary motion – Semi-rotary actuator
HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

 • A hydraulic cylinder is a device, which converts fluid power into

 linear mechanical force and motion. It usually consists of a movable
 element, a piston and a piston rod operating within a cylindrical
 bore.
PARTS OF A HYDRAULIC CYLINDER

 • A hydraulic cylinder consists of the following parts

 • Cylinder barrel
 • Piston
 • Piston rod
 • Bush
 • Cylinder head and cap
TYPE OF HYDRAULIC
CYLINDER
Hydraulic cylinder
 Single acting cylinders
 Double acting cylinders
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

 In the case of a single acting cylinder, only the piston side is pressurized
with hydraulic fluid. The cylinder can thus carry out work only in one direction.
 The fluid which flows into the piston chamber causes a pressure to build up
the surface of the piston.
 The piston travels into its forward end position. The return stroke is effected
by a spring, the dead weight of the piston rod or an external load
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER.
demo
PLUNGER TYPE SINGLE
ACTING CYLINDER
 In the case of plunger cylinders,
the piston and rod form a single component.
 Due to the design of the cylinder,
the return stroke can only be effected by
external forces.
 The cylinders can therefore generally
be installed only vertically.
PLUNGER TYPE SINGLE
ACTING CYLINDER
PLUNGER TYPE SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS

 In the case of double acting cylinders, both piston surfaces can be

pressurized. A working movement can thus be performed in both
directions.
 With double acting cylinders with a single-sided piston rod, different
forces and speeds are obtained on the advance and return strokes due
to the difference in area between the piston surface and annular
piston surface.
Surface area and speed
  speed
demo
DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER WITH
END POSITION CUSHIONING
 Cylinder with end position cushioning are used to brake high stroke speeds
smoothly and prevent hard impacts at the end of the stroke. Shortly before
the end position is reached, the cross- section for the outflow of fluid is
reduced by the built-in cushioning pistons and then finally closed. The
hydraulic fluid is then forced to escape through a flow control valve.
CUSHIONING CYLINDER
Double acting ,double ended cylinder
TELESCOPIC CYLINDER

 Often cylinder & rod length does not fit in the machine. In that case
the piston rod is also used as a piston barrel and a second piston rod is
used.
 These kinds of cylinders are called telescopic cylinders. If we call a
normal rod cylinder single stage, telescopic cylinders are multi-stage
units of two, three, four, five or more stages.
 In general telescopic cylinders are much more expensive than normal
cylinders. Most telescopic cylinders are single acting (push). Double
acting telescopic cylinders must be specially designed and manufactured.
TELESCOPIC CYLINDER
ROCKET NOZZLE THRUST VECTORING :
ANOTHER NOZZLE CONTROL IN THRUST
VECTORING OF ROCKETS
ASTRONAUT AND PILOT TRAINING :
FLIGHT SIMULATION
EARTH MOVING MACHINERY
HYDRAULIC CAR JACKS