WH-CH510 Overview
1. Function of WH-CH510
1.1. Location and function of parts
1.2. Charging the headset
1.3. Available operating time
1.4. How to make a wireless
connection to Bluetooth devices
1.5. Multipoint connection
1.6. Controlling the audio device
1.7. Receiving a call
1.8. Making a call
2. Bluetooth Profile
2.1. HFP vs HSP
2.2. A2DP
2.3. AVRCP
2.4. Supported codecs
2.5. SBC
2.6. AAC
29/03/2021
3. Bluetooth Layer and Frame
Packet
3.1. Bluetooth® Low Energy Layers
3.2. Physical Layer(Controller)
3.3. Link Layer Roles and States
(Controller)
3.4. Link Layer Discovery (Controller)
3.5. Link Layer Connections
(Controller)
3.5. BLE v4 Packet Format
3.6. BLE v5 Packet Format
1
WH-CH510 Location and function of parts

1: Headband
2: (left) mark
3: Left unit
4: Tactile dot
5: Slider
6: (right) mark
7: Right unit
8: + (volume +)/ (next) button
9: - (play/call)/ (power) button
10: - (volume -)/ (previous) button
11: Indicator (blue/red)
12: USB Type-C port
13: Microphone
14: Built-in antenna

29/03/2021 2
WH-CH510 Charging the headset

• USB AC adaptor: 500 mA

• Personal computer: standard USB
port
• Charging time is about 4.5 hours

29/03/2021 3
WH-CH510 Available operating time

29/03/2021 4
WH-CH510 How to make a wireless connection to Bluetooth devices

29/03/2021 5
WH-CH510 Multipoint connection

Multipoint:
•Headset connect to music playback (A2DP)
•And the other for talking (HFP/HSP).

29/03/2021 6
WH-CH510 Controlling the audio device

Each button has the following function:

2: Play
Press once during pause to start playback.
Press once during playback to pause.
3: (Volume -)/(Previous)
1: (Volume +)/(Next)

29/03/2021 7
WH-CH510 Receiving a call

Hands-free call with a smartphone or mobile phone that supports the Bluetooth
profile:

•HFP (Hands-free Profile)

•HSP (Headset Profile)

29/03/2021 8
WH-CH510 Making a call

Hands-free call with a smartphone or mobile phone that supports the Bluetooth
profile:

• HFP (Hands-free Profile)

• HSP (Headset Profile)

29/03/2021 9
WH-CH510 HFP vs HSP

29/03/2021 10
WH-CH510 A2DP

• A2DP profile stands for Advanced Audio

Distribution Profile
• Stereo audio streaming between music
player (as source) and speakers/
headphones (as sink)
• Bit rates: 127 - 345 Kbps
• Sampling rates: 16 - 48 KHz
• Audio delay: 100 - 200 ms
• Audio Codec: uses SBC audio
compression algorithm
• Though SBC, mSBC, aptX, AAC is used
as mandatory codec in A2DP profile

29/03/2021 11
WH-CH510 AVRCP

• AVRCP stands for Audio/Video Remote

Control Profile.
• Audio sink to control the audio sources
music player and streaming status.
• Uses data channel to transmit the control
information between audio controller
and target.
• AVRCP v 1.5: media browsing, audio
player and playlist management.

29/03/2021 12
WH-CH510 Supported codecs

The headset supports the following 2 codecs for music playback via an A2DP
connection:
•SBC
•AAC

29/03/2021 13
WH-CH510 SBC

The SBC encoders:

•Input signed 16-bit PCM coded audio signals
•Sampling frequency: 16, 32, 44.1 or 48 kHz
•SBC can run:
+ 1 channel mono mode
+ 2 channel stereo, joint-stereo
+ Dual channel modes.

29/03/2021 14
WH-CH510 SBC(continue)

The SBC decoder:

•First calculates the bit allocation based on the received scale factors
•The subband samples are reconstructed and fed into the reverse polyphase
quadrature filter
•After generates the broadband PCM audio signal.

29/03/2021 15
WH-CH510 AAC

AAC achieves coding gain primary through three strategies:

•First, a high-resolution transform (a 1024-frequency-bins) used to achieve redundancy

removal.
•Second, it uses a continuously signal-adaptive model of the human auditory system to
determine a threshold for the perception of quantization noise and thereby achieve
irrelevancy reduction.
•Third, entropy coding is used to match the actual entropy of the quantized values with
the entropy of their representation in the bitstream.

29/03/2021 16
WH-CH510 Bluetooth® Low Energy Layers

The following diagram depicts the architecture (major layers) of the BLE protocol
stack:
•Controller
•Host
•Application

29/03/2021 17
WH-CH510 Physical Layer(Controller)

• PHY contains the analog communications circuitry responsible for translation of

digital symbols over the air.
• Lowest layer of the protocol stack and provides its services to the link layer.
• Use the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band to communicate
and divides into 40 channels.
• The 40 channels are divided into:
+ 3 advertising channels (Ch. 37, 38, and 39)
+ 37 data channels (Ch. 0-36).

29/03/2021 18
WH-CH510 Link Layer Roles and States (Controller)

Link Layer role pairs are defined:

+ Advertiser/Scanner (Initiator)
+ Slave/Master
+ Broadcaster/Observer
• Unicast (Peer-Peer) Connection
+ The Advertiser sends advertising packets containing basic
information about the host.
+ All Scanners receive these packets.

29/03/2021 19
WH-CH510 Link Layer Roles and States (Controller) (Continue)

+ The Scanner becomes an Initiator and decides to initiate a connection with a

specific advertiser.
+ Initiator sending a CONNECT_REQ advertising packet to the Advertiser:

29/03/2021 20
WH-CH510 Link Layer Roles and States (Controller) (Continue)

+ The Advertiser accepts the connection request, thus becoming the Slave
while the Initiator becomes the Master.

Note that the Link Layer Master is also the GAP Central and GATT Client,
while the Link Layer Slave is the GAP Peripheral and GATT Server.

29/03/2021 21
WH-CH510 Link Layer Roles and States (Controller) (Continue)

• Broadcast Connection
The defined roles are Broadcaster (the host sending the packets) and Observer.
+ Messages are one-way
+ Messages are one-to-many
+ ADV_IND is one of three advertising packet types that can be used
by Broadcasters to broadcast data to Observers

29/03/2021 22
WH-CH510 Link Layer Roles and States (Controller) (Continue)

• Link Layer States

These roles are defined in the five states of the Link Layer state machine:

29/03/2021 23
WH-CH510 Link Layer Discovery (Controller)

• Link Layer is directly interfaces to the PHY responsible for advertising, scanning,
and creating/maintaining connections.
• Link Layer discovery process consists of devices that use advertising channels to
find each other, with one device advertising and another device scanning:
 Advertising
There are four types of advertising:
+ General
+ Directed
+ Nonconnectable
+ Discoverable

29/03/2021 24
WH-CH510 Link Layer Discovery (Controller) (Continue)

 Scanning
Scanning is required to be able to receive advertising packets. There are two
types of scanning:
+ Passive
+ Active.
 Passive Scanning
+ The Scanner simply listens for advertising packets.
+ The Advertiser is never aware that packets were received:

29/03/2021 25
WH-CH510 Link Layer Discovery (Controller) (Continue)

 Active Scanning
+ It used when the potential Central device would like more information
than can be provided in an ADV_IND packet, before making a decision
to connect to it.
+ In an advertising interval, the Scanner issues a SCAN_REQ packet.
+ The Advertiser responds with more information in a SCAN_RSP
packet.

29/03/2021 26
WH-CH510 Link Layer Connections (Controller)

 Connection 
 Initiating a Connection
+ The Scanner selects a suitable Advertiser to connect with, based on
advertising data: Device name, Service UUID, RSSI, …
+ It then becomes an Initiator, responding to an Advertiser's advertising packet
with a CONNECT_REQ packet.

+ Once the CONNECT_REQ packet is sent or received, the devices are

connected and data packets can be exchanged.
+ The Initiator becomes the Link Layer Master while the Advertiser
29/03/2021
becomes the Link Layer Slave. 27
WH-CH510 Link Layer Connections (Controller) (Continue)

 Connection Events
+ The Master and Slave exchange data packets at regular intervals, called
"connection events".
+ The connection interval: 7.5 ms - 4 s (step size: 1.25 ms).
+ 0-byte data packets are exchanged if there is no other data to exchange.

29/03/2021 28
WH-CH510 BLE v4 Packet Format

Link Layer has only one packet format used for both advertising channel packets
and data channel packets:

29/03/2021 29
WH-CH510 BLE v4 Packet Format (Continue)

• Advertising Channel PDUs

 Advertising channel PDUs serve two purposes:
+ Broadcast data for applications that do not require a full connection.
+ Discover Slaves and connect to them.

 There are seven advertising channel PDU types, each having a different
payload format and function:
+ Advertising PDUs: ADV_IND, ADV_DIRECT_IND,
ADV_NONCONN_IND, ADV_SCAN_IND
+ Scanning PDUs: SCAN_REQ, SCAN_RSP
+ Initiating PDUs: CONNECT_REQ

29/03/2021 30
WH-CH510 BLE v4 Packet Format (Continue)
• Data Channel PDUs
+ This is achieved by exchanging data channel PDUs during regularly scheduled
connection events.
+ The maximum data payload is 246 bytes as shown:

29/03/2021 31
WH-CH510 BLE v5 Packet Format

LE radio operation is based on three PHYs and makes use of two modulation
schemes.
+ Each packet transmitted uses a single PHY.
+ Each PHY uses a single modulation scheme.
+ Two of the PHYs are uncoded - that is, each bit maps directly to a single radio
symbol in the packet.
+ Third PHY is error correction coded: S = 8, S = 2 (S is the number of symbols per
bit).

29/03/2021 32
WH-CH510 BLE v5 Packet Format (Continue)

The packet structure for the LE Uncoded PHYs is designed for optimal use in normal
operation

29/03/2021 33
WH-CH510 BLE v5 Packet Format (Continue)

The packet structure for the LE Coded PHY is designed for optimal use in extended
range operation

29/03/2021 34