SAMPLING TYPES

1. Probability sampling
A probability sample is a sample in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than
zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined.

2. Non-probability sampling
Nonprobability sampling is any sampling method where some elements of the population
have no chance of selection , or where the probability of selection can't be accurately determined. 
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
a. Simple random sampling
A random sample is a sample in which all members of the population have an equal chance of being
selected.
b. Systematic random sampling

A systematic sample is a sample obtained by selecting every kth member of the Population where k
is a counting number.
c. Stratified sampling

A stratified sample is a sample obtained by dividing the population into subgroups or strata
according to some characteristic relevant to the study. (There can be several subgroups.) Then
subjects are selected at random from each subgroup.
d. Cluster sampling

A cluster sample is obtained by dividing the population into sections or clusters and then selecting
one or more clusters at random and using all members in the cluster(s) as the members of the
sample.
NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
a. Convenience sampling
A convenience sample is a type of non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from
a group of people easy to contact or to reach. For example, standing at a mall or a grocery store and
asking people to answer questions would be an example of a convenience sample.
b. Judgement sampling

Judgment sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the
best position to provide the information required.

For instance, if a researcher wants to find out what it takes for women managers to make it to the
top, the only people who can give first‐hand information are the women who have risen to the
positions of presidents, vice presidents, and important top‐level executives in work organizations.
They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the
experiences themselves, and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the
researcher.
c. Quota sampling

Quota sampling, a second type of purposive sampling, ensures that certain groups are adequately
represented in the study through the assignment of a quota. Generally, the quota fixed for each
subgroup is based on the total numbers of each group in the population. However, since this is a
nonprobability sampling plan, the results are not generalizable to the population.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING TYPES
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING TYPES
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING TYPES
CHOICE OF SAMPLING TYPE

Is representativeness of sample critical for the study?

− NO: Non-probability sampling

Purpose of the study

− To obtain quick, even if unreliable, information: convenience sampling
− Looking for information that only a few experts can provide?: Judgement sampling
− Need responses of special interest minority groups? Quota sampling
CHOICE OF SAMPLING TYPE

Is representativeness of sample critical for the study?

− YES: Probability sampling

Purpose of the study

− Generalizability: Simple random sampling, Systematic random sampling, cluster sampling
− Generalizability while assessing differential parameters in subgroups of population: Stratified
random sampling
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