MOTIVATION - Dr. V.

Vaidehi Priyal
THEORIES
MOTIVATION
 Motivation - Derived from the word ‘Motive’
 Means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals

 Two types of motivating factors,

1. Intrinsic Motivation
2. Extrinsic Motivation
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
 Force that leads you to achieve a goal because of personal satisfaction or desire

Examples,
 Starting your own business
 Participating in a competition
 Recognition for your work
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
 Driving force that triggers you in achieving your goal

Examples,
 Money
 Prize/Reward
 A simple smile and encouragement
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 Various theories of motivation are,

 Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

 Alderfer’s ERG Theory
 McClelland’s Achievement Motivation
 Hertzberg’s Two-factor Theory
 Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
 Earliest and most widely known theory of motivation
 Developed by Abraham Maslow – 1943
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
Physiological Needs
 Basic needs for human to survive
 Food, air, water, shelter, sleep
 Dominant of all needs
Safety Needs
 Person’s desire for security or protection
 Personal security
 Also financial security, health and well-being
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
Social Needs
 Affection, love and belongingness
 People need to belong and accepted
among their social groups
Esteem Needs
 Being valued, respected and
appreciated by others
 Humans need to feel to be valued such
as being useful and necessary in the
world
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
Self-actualisation
 Reflects on individual desire to grow and develop to his/her fullest
 Highest need where one unites with the divine
HERTZBERG’S TWO FACTOR
THEORY
Hygiene Factors
 Needed to make sure an employee is not dissatisfied

Motivation Factors
 Needed for ensuring employee’s satisfaction and employee’s motivation for
higher performance
MCCLELLAND’S THEORY OF
NEEDS
Achievement
 Need to accomplish and demonstrate own competence

Affiliation

 Need for love, belonging and social acceptance

Power

 Need for control own work or the work of others

VROOM’S EXPECTANCY
THEORY
 Victor Vroom stated that people will be highly productive and motivated if two
conditions are met,

1. People believe it is likely that their efforts will lead to successful results
2. Those people also believe they will be rewarded for their success
MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND
THEORY Y
Douglas McGregor formulated two distinct views based on participation of
workers,
Theory X

 Workers are inherently lazy, self-centered and lacking ambition

 Management style is strong, top-down approach

Theory Y

 Workers are inherently motivated and eager to accept responsibility

 Management style is to focus on creating a productive work environment