Population Law

Introduction(Chapter-1)
Sandhya Risal
Lecture – I
2075/05/07
(23 September 2018)
 Introduction

• At the beginning, people did not realize the

importance of the community. They were
concerned only with their family.
• After the development of human civilization,
strong people started dominating the weak
ones. So those people realized the need of
group and community.
• The starting of leadership
 Cont….
• The no. of the people in the group enlarged day
by day; then different groups joined each other
to form a community; after that society was
established
• Societies started fighting for the power and
leadership
• Leaders declared themselves the king and
emperor of the different states
• The history of the world community
 Concept, meaning and definition

Concepts
• Population in simpler terms is the no. of
people in a city or town, region, country or
world
• In biology, population is all the organisms of
the same group or species
• In sociology, population refers to the
collection of humans
 Cont…
Zero population growth means:
the number of births= the number of deaths
• Population growth and its harmful results in
the status of the environmental aspects are
the great threats to entire living world
 Cont…
Meaning and definition of population
• Population is defined as a group of individuals of
the same species living and interbreeding within
a given area
• Main effecting factors :fertility; mortality;
migration
• At the time of census, all the male, female,
children, old people, disable people of the
territory or state are included
 Cont…
• Population display distinctive behavior based
on their size. Such as;
• Small population face a greater risk of
extinction; random deaths
• Large population experiences their own
problems; competition for resources;
sustainable problems; fight for right
 Demography and Population law

Lecture-II
2075/05/08
(24 September2018)
 Population law
• Demography provide a baseline for monitoring,
research, analyzing, policy making tasks related
to population
• Oxford learner dictionary: The law which
provides the statistics of the death and birth of
the people is the demography
• According to Seddler; The law which effects the
factors like population growth, control and
population is known as population law
 Cont….
• According to Shryack and Siegat: The
jurisprudence which study about the size,
format, distribution or change of the
population is the population law
• The legal documents which are made to
manage the size, types, increment and control
the factors related with the effecting factors of
population(Fertility, mortality and migration)
are known as population law.
 Scope of Population Law
• Population management is the managerial job
done by the population for the improvement
and development of the population
• Population law study scientifically about the
all factors related to population
• The scope of Population law is not only limited
around the human, environment and
development but other sectors also
 Cont…
Scope of population law can be divided into five
categories:
• 1. Demography: deals with the measurement
and analysis of birth, death, migration rate etc.
It includes birth rate, death rate, sex ratio,
dependency ratio, and population growth
• 2. Determines the population change:
population change takes place due to birth,
death and migration.
 Cont…
It also comprises biological, social and cultural
aspects which directly affect the elements of
population change. Also analyzes the factors like
poverty, practices which influences population
change
• 3. Consequences of population growth: Rapid
growth of population directly affects the
economic, social and environmental aspects of
a place.
 Cont…
• The adverse effects of population growth on
people’s health are important parts of population
law.
• 4. Human sexuality and reproductive system: It
includes the fundamental aspects of human sexual
and reproduction process like sexual behaviors,
development of human reproductive system and
associated problems. This scope of population law
helps to develop a positive attitude towards
reproductive health
 Cont….
• 5. Planning for the future: It includes various
aspects of population management like
appropriate age for marriage and first
conception birth spacing, family planning,
family welfare and use of contraceptives
Thus, Population law helps and enables us to be
aware of the process and consequences of
population growth on the quality of our lives
like; employment, health, environment etc.
Importance of Study of Population Law

• To make the strategic policy which balance the

population, environment and development
• To include the various factors of population in
the development policy, plan and program
• To execute the population management
program effectively
• To make and execute the strategic policy
related to the cultural development
 Cont…
• Maximum utilization of population for the
development of the state
• To study the major problems, challenges and
solutions of the population management
• To execute the effective policies related to
eradication of poverty
• to execute the effective policies related to
education, employment, health and
environment
 Cont….
• To manage the foreign employment, migration
• To manage building development and
urbanization
• To implement the theory of ideal family without
giving up the meaningful standards of social
values and norms
• To execute the policy related to senior citizen,
youth, women, disable, marginalized groups, etc.
 Demography of Nepal:

Size, Composition, Distribution, Desegregation

Situation, Socio-culture-Religious Context of
Nepal
 Notes
• The first census was held on 1968 B.S.
• In every 10 years
• Last census-2068 B.S
• Central Bureau of Statistics
• The population of Nepal(as of 9/29/2018) is
2,96,99,543 ?
• Net increase of 1 person every 2 minutes
• Proportional rate-every100 women=94.16male
 Size
Year Population Male% Female% Growth rate
2011 2,64,94,504 48.50% 51.10% 1.06%
2015 2,86,56,282 48.52% 51.48% 1.18%
2016 2,89,82,771 48.52% 51.48% 1.14%
2017 2,93,04,998 48.54% 51.46% 1.11%
2018 2,96,24,035 48.57% 51.43% 1.09%

Year Population Male% Female% Growth rate

2020 3,02,60,244 48.64% 51.36% 0.00%
2025 3,18,13,598 48.74% 51.26% 1.01%
2030 3,31,67,612 48.82% 51.18% 0.84%
 Composition
• The composition of Population of Nepal on
the age basis has been categorized according
to territory, language, culture, caste, etc.
• At the time of census, people who are out of
the country for more than 6 months, may not
be counted
• On the basis of age group, 34.9% out of total
population are under 14
 Cont…
On the basis of age group, out of total population :
• under 14 age group are 34.9%
• 15-44 age group are 45.7%
• 45-59 age group are 11.3%
• Above 60 age group are 8.1%
• Moreover, about 34.1% of the total population
lies in the 25-54 age group which play a significant
role in the economic development of the country
 Distribution
• The largest cities of Nepal are Kathmandu,
Pokhara, and Patan.
• Kathmandu has nearly1.5 million residents
while Pokhara and Patan both have around
2,00,000 in population
• Among total population, 50.3% lives in Terai
region,43% in Hilly region and 6.7% in
Himalayan region
 Cont…
• On the basis of ethnicities, Chhetri is the
largest caste/ethnic group having
16.6%(43,98,053) of the total population
followed by Brahman-Hill having
12.2%(32,26,903).
• Likewise, Magar 7.1%; Tharu 6.6%; Tamang
5.8%; Newar 5%; Kami 4.8%; Muslim 4.4%;
Yadav 4%; Rai 2.3%
 Cont…
• Disable(both mental and physical)- 1.94% of
the total population(45% male and 56%
female)
• Literacy rate-65%(2,39,26,541)(75% male and
42.8% female)
• Religion in Nepal- Hinduism 81.3%; Buddhism
9.0%; Islam 4.4%; Kiratism 3.0%; Christianity
1.4%; Sikhism 0.2%; Jainism 0.6%
 Cont…
Education in Nepal(above 5 years)
• 39% of people has passed primary level(class
1-5)
• 20.3% of people has passed lower secondary
level
• 10% of people has passed SLC and above
• Only 4.2% people have gained formal
education
 Cont…
• Economic status and living standard of
Brahmin of hilly region is higher than others.
Whereas Dalits from Terai region have very
low.
• Political representation of Brahmin and
Chhetri could be seen in every sectors
• Gender dimension index is very weak