BIOLOGY

CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS

Fourth Edition

Neil A. Campbell • Jane B. Reece • Lawrence G. Mitchell • Martha R. Taylor

CHAPTER 17
Plants, Fungi, and the
Colonization of Land

Modules 17.18 – 17.20

From PowerPoint® Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
17.18 Lichens consist of fungi living mutualistically
with photosynthetic organisms
• Lichens are associations of algae or
cyanobacteria with a network of fungal hyphae
– The fungus receives food in exchange for
housing, water, and minerals

Algal
cell

Fungal
hyphae

Figure 17.18A, B

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 • Lichens survive in hostile environments
– They cover rocks and frozen tundra soil

Figure 17.18C

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17.19 Connection: Parasitic fungi harm plants and
animals

• Parasitic fungi cause disease

– Dutch elm disease

– Corn smut

– Athlete’s foot

Figure 17.19A-C
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
17.20 Connection: Fungi have an enormous
ecological and practical impact

• Numerous fungi are beneficial

• Many are important in the decomposition of
organic material and nutrient recycling

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 • Fungi are also important as food
– Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of
subterranean fungi
– Yeasts (unicellular fungi) are essential for baking
and beer and wine production
– Fungi are used to ripen
certain cheeses

Figure 17.20A

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 • Some fungi produce antibiotics
– Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered

Staphylococcus
aureus
Penicillium

Zone of
inhibited
growth

Figure 17.20B

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings