History of

Architecture V
Group 3
GROUP 3
o Fathimathu Naja
o Faheema
o Sana
o Krishnaprasad
o Amal
o Mona Ayisha
CONTENT
 Developments under Mughal
rulers: Shahjahan & Aurangzeb
 Juma Masjid, Thazhathangadi
 Muchundi Mosque
 Kuttichira Mosque
 Mishkal Mosque
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER SHAH-JAHAN
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER AURANGZEB
• Aurangzeb was the son of Mughal Emporer, Shahjahan and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
• Even though, he was given the post of Governer several times, he always disappointed his father.
• So Shahjahan favored one of this other son, Dara Shikoh to be his successor.
• This created chaos amongst the brothers and they started fighting for the throne once Shah jahan
fell ill.
• Soon Aurangzeb took matters into his own hands : executed his brother and prisoned his father,
Shah Jahan.
• Although Aurangzeb’s predecessors were tolerant towards other religions in the empire, he
enforced strict Islamic law called Fatwa-e-Alamgari
• He was very determined on following Islamic laws that he banned dance and music and forced
unfair taxes on non-muslims.
• He destroyed several temples and also forced people to convert to Islam
• He executed those people who stood in his way.
• He expanded his kingdom and focused mainly on military needs which resulted in his revenue drop.
• All his ruthlessness didn’t sit well with other rulers like Rajputs, Mewars and Marathas.
• After years of battles with these rulers, his army started to weaken and army officials declared
themselves free of his rule
• Aurangzeb died in 1857 and with his dead, died the reign of Mughal Empire.
• Building in his reign showed the same common features in restrained mood
• Ribbed dome was used
• Building changed from stone and marble to brick and rubble structure finished in stucco plaster
 BADSHAHI MOSQUE
• Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by Aurangzeb in 1671 and completed in
1673 under the supervision of Muzaffar Hussein
• Located west of Lahore fort
• It had a main gate entrance and central prayer chamber
• A vast courtyard and dalans.
• There are three domes of the mosque
• There are eight minarets out of which four are major and four are minor
• Maximum height of minarets is 176ft 5in
• The architecture and design of the Badhshahi Mosque closely resembles that
of Jama Mosque in Delhi
• Exterior is decorated with stone carving as well as marble inlay on red
sandstone, specifically of lotiform motifs in bold relief
• The skyline is furnished by beautiful ornamental merloms inlaid with marble
lining adding grace to the perimeter of the mosque
• The main prayer hall is divided into seven sections by means of multi-foil
arches supported on heavy piers
 MOTI MASJID
• White marble mosque inside the redfort
• It is very small, just 40 by 50 feet
• Onions domes originally glided with copper
• Totally made of marble
• The roof and arches are rich with carvings
• Each marbles musalla (prayer carpet) on the floor is
decorated with a double outline of black and mustard
yellow polished limestone
• Enclosed in the front and both sides by high walls
• It was built by Aurangzeb as his private mosque
TOMB OF SALIM CHISTI
• CONSTRUCTED BY AKBAR AS MARKED OF HIS RESPECT FOR THE SUFI
SAINT-WHO FORETOLD THE BIRTH OF HIS SON,WHO WAS NAMED PRINCE
SALIM AFTER THE SUFI SAINT AND LATER SUCCEED AKBAR TO THE
THRONE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE AS JAHANGIRLOCATED IN THE
COURTYARD OF JAMI MASJID AT FATEHPUR SIKRI
• FINEST EXAMPLE OF MARBLE-COMPLETED IN YEAR 1588-81
• 14M SQUARE PLAN
• DELECATED STRUCTURE SET UP IN A SLIGHTLY LARGER PLINTH
• ENTRANCE FACING SOUTH
• FACES BULAND DARWAZA
• ORGINALLY THIS WAS THE PLACE WHERE SHEIK SALIM CHISTI CARRIED
OUT HIS RELIGIOUS DISCOURSES
• MARBLE WORK-DETAILED LIKE IVORY
• PILLARED IVORY ENCLOSURE WHERE THE SAINT IS BURIED COVERED
WITH PEARLY INLAY
• TOMB HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED IN ABOUT 1M HIGH A FIGHT OF FIVE
STEPSWIDE VERANDA IS CARRIED THE OUTSIDE
• STRUTS SERVE NO STRUCTURAL PURPOSE BUT ARE MAINLY DECORATIVE
 JAMI MASJID
• IT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST MOSQUES IN INDIA
• IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS FRIDAY MOSQUE
• THE RECTANGULAR MOSQUE COMPRISES A CENTRAL NAVE WITH A
SINGLE DOME, TWO COLONNADED HALLS ON EITHER SIDES, WITH TWO
SQUARE CHAMBERS CROWNED WITH DOMES.
• CARVED MIHRABS ADORN THE MAIN CHAMBER AND THE TWO SMALLER
ROOMS.
• IT MARKS THE PHASE OF TRANSITION IN ISLAMIC ART, AS INDIGENOUS
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS WERE BLENDED WITH PERSIAN ELEMENTS.
• THE IWAN WITH THREE ARCHED OPENINGS FRAMED BY PANELS AND
CROWNED BY FIVE CHHATIS AND THE CENTRAL MIHRAB ADORNED WITH
AN INLAID MOSAIC OF STONES THAT ARE BORDERED BY GLAZED TILES.
• THE INTERIOR OF IWAN ARE ADORNED WITH WATERCOLOR PAINTINGS
DEPICITING STYLIZED FLORAL DESIGNS
• THE DIDI PANELS, SPANDRELS OF ARCH AND SOFFITS ARE PAINTED
PROFUSELYCOBELED PENDENTIVES SUPPORT THE DOME
 THAZHATHANGADI MOSQUE
• situated in kottayam
• oldest mosque in india more than 100 yrs old.
• famous for richness architecture, wood carving, and beauty.
• southern half is demolished and extended with iron pillar.
• also used aluminum sheets and minars in 2012.
• mosque is situated on banks of meenachil river
• also called as Taj juma masjid
• woman are not allowed to enter
• thekkum koor king built this structure for the Muslim community there.
• 6000 sqft total Area
• divide by two parts puram and akam Palli.
• roof height is 12.5 m height
• they used type of lock system name mukutti saksha there.
 MUCHUNDI M0SQUE
• The mosque located at kuttichira within the city of kozhikode
• Kuttichira is the medieval Muslim quarter in city of calicut.
• It situated south of miskal mosque.
• Samoothiri gave the place of mosque.
• The mosque structure is built in kerala architecture style,
without minaret,doms and arches.
• This the oldest mosque in city.
• The mosque holds a granite slabe, with writing (vattezhth).
• As per the inscription mosque was established by certain
shahab al din raihan.
• Latticed windows, wooden pillers with carvings, ventilators
 MISHKAL MOSQUE
• Mishkal Mosque is located in Kuttichira neighbourhood, a part of
Thekkepuram beach in Calicut.
• Typical for similar medieval mosques in Kerala, it has no cupolas and
minarets and heavily employs timber.
• The structure is set on a stone plinth with four steps. The mosque is in
four levels, the ground level consisting of a prayer hall and an
antechamber with stone walls. There are three upper levels. The roof
structure is of timber and has four tiers.
• On each side of the mosque there are several doors with semi-circular
arches whose frames slope outwards at the top. There are smaller arched
niches between the doors.
• The mosque has 47 doors, 24 carved pillars and a big prayer hall that
can accommodate around 400 people. The prayer hall is well ventilated
and there is a wooden member with beautiful motifs.
• The black and white chequered flooring, teal and blue paint and the
traditional tiled roof
• All the walls of the mosque with the exception of the ground floor are
made from wood.
• The intricate carvings on the walls and ceilings, and the Gopuram-style arches at the entrance show a noticeable
resemblance to traditional temple architecture.
• The area inside the mosque is well-ventilated with Mihrab-style doors. During its renovation, a wooden Mimbar,
or pulpit, with intricate motifs was added to the structure.
• Square and rectangular tanks, a few yards away the famous Kuttichira pond, are attached to the mosque complex. 
• There is a single mihrab in the middle of the qibla wall, created in the form of a deep semi-circular niche with
semi-circular arches. The mihrab has a wide border in the form of two pilasters decorated with mouldings