Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Name: Aneeza Kokab Roll No: 1049 Topic: Organic Reagents Bs Hons Chem 7th Morning
Name: Aneeza Kokab Roll No: 1049 Topic: Organic Reagents Bs Hons Chem 7th Morning
• Aneeza Kokab
Topic:
Organic reagents
BS Hons CHEM
7th morning
Contents: Introduction
Disadvantages Advantages
of organic
reagents
Properties
Dimethyl
glyoxime important
organic
Oxine reagents
Reagent
Those compounds which are used
in organic analysis for the detection
and analysis of ions and molecules
Inorganic
precipitating
reagent The inorganic precipitating reagent
precipitate inorganic species as
springly soluble salts or
hydrous oxides
Formation of precipitates
due to difference in Oxidation or reduction
solubility to other
valence state
This may be
made the basis of gravimetric
method. Wash Liquids
• Selectivity
organic reagents are somewhat specific. e.g (aluminium from iron
using cupferron, cadmium from copper using quinaldinic acid and
thiourea can be precipitated).
• Ease of Handling
Organic reagents produce compounds that have little infinity for
water and are dried easily at temperature low enough to prevent
decomposition.
Disadvantages:
Volatility:
• This is the first practical disadvantage of organic reagents.
• Because chelated compound, are non polar, the forces between
individual molecules in the crystal are not very great.
• Thus, some of the metallic complexes which are precipitated I n
analytical chemistry are appreciably volatile above 130-150°C and
most decompose above this temperature.
• Therefore, the drying of precipitate should be done below 130°C to
avoid decomposition.
Impurities in Reagents:
• Difficult to prepare pure organic reagent.
• Impurities present in inorganic reagents may enter into the
precipitate during the precipitation and cause undesirable reactions.
Dimethylglyoxime exist in three forms, i.e., α, β and ϒ . Of these, only
α form is specific for nickel while preparing dimethylglyoxime y-form
is also formed along α form. If the precipitation is carried out with this
impure dimethylglyoxime, then nickel will be precipitated with some
other metals because α -form is specific for nickel whereas ϒ-form can
precipitate other metals also.
Low Solubility of the Reagents in Water:
• This is the greatest disadvantage which organic precipitants have in
comparison with inorganic precipitants.
High Molecular Weight:
The very high molecular weights of chelate complexes formed with
metal ions reduce, proportionately, small errors in precipitation and
weighing.
Colored Compound:
Chelate compounds are often highly colored and since they are usually
soluble in organic solvents, they lend themselves to colorimetric or
photometric methods of analysis.
8-
Important organic reagent: Hydroxy
quinoline
(oxine)
Salicylaid
Cupferon oxime
1-Nitroso-
Nitron 2-naphthol
8-Hydroxy quinolone (oxine):
It is a colourless
crystalline solid with
molecular formula
C6H7ON.It is almost N
insoluble in water and
soluble in organic
solvents.
OH
It is a brown powder
with MP 109°C,
and is insoluble in water ,
soluble in ethyl
alcohol, ether, acetic acid
and alkalies.