Name :

• Aneeza Kokab

Roll No: 1049

Topic:
Organic reagents

BS Hons CHEM
7th morning
Contents: Introduction

Disadvantages Advantages
of organic
reagents
Properties

Dimethyl
glyoxime important
organic
Oxine reagents
Reagent
Those compounds which are used
in organic analysis for the detection
and analysis of ions and molecules

Inorganic
precipitating
reagent The inorganic precipitating reagent
precipitate inorganic species as
springly soluble salts or
hydrous oxides

They form springly soluble products

organic either through coordinate linkage
precipitating or through ionic linkage b/w
reagent inorganic species and organic
precipitating reagent.
Properties: Formation ofcolored precipitates
Masking reagents
Organic reagents form
direct characteristic This increases the selectivity of reagents
colored with the ions to
be detected. Difference in volatility
• For locating end point i.e.
as indicators employed in
volumetric
titrations.

Formation of precipitates
due to difference in Oxidation or reduction
solubility to other
valence state
This may be
made the basis of gravimetric
method. Wash Liquids

Extraction of organic solvent at

controlled pH
Advantages of organic reagent over inorganic reagent:

• Selectivity
organic reagents are somewhat specific. e.g (aluminium from iron
using cupferron, cadmium from copper using quinaldinic acid and
thiourea can be precipitated).
• Ease of Handling
Organic reagents produce compounds that have little infinity for
water and are dried easily at temperature low enough to prevent
decomposition.
Disadvantages:
Volatility:
• This is the first practical disadvantage of organic reagents.
• Because chelated compound, are non polar, the forces between
individual molecules in the crystal are not very great.
• Thus, some of the metallic complexes which are precipitated I n
analytical chemistry are appreciably volatile above 130-150°C and
most decompose above this temperature.
• Therefore, the drying of precipitate should be done below 130°C to
avoid decomposition.
Impurities in Reagents:
• Difficult to prepare pure organic reagent.
• Impurities present in inorganic reagents may enter into the
precipitate during the precipitation and cause undesirable reactions.
Dimethylglyoxime exist in three forms, i.e., α, β and ϒ . Of these, only
α form is specific for nickel while preparing dimethylglyoxime y-form
is also formed along α form. If the precipitation is carried out with this
impure dimethylglyoxime, then nickel will be precipitated with some
other metals because α -form is specific for nickel whereas ϒ-form can
precipitate other metals also.
Low Solubility of the Reagents in Water:
• This is the greatest disadvantage which organic precipitants have in
comparison with inorganic precipitants.
High Molecular Weight:
 The very high molecular weights of chelate complexes formed with
metal ions reduce, proportionately, small errors in precipitation and
weighing.
Colored Compound:
 Chelate compounds are often highly colored and since they are usually
soluble in organic solvents, they lend themselves to colorimetric or
photometric methods of analysis.
 8-
Important organic reagent: Hydroxy
quinoline
(oxine)

Salicylaid
Cupferon oxime

1-Nitroso-
Nitron 2-naphthol
8-Hydroxy quinolone (oxine):
It is a colourless
crystalline solid with
molecular formula
C6H7ON.It is almost N
insoluble in water and
soluble in organic
solvents.
OH

The reagent is used to

separate transition metals
like Fe,
Cu, Mo, Al, Ti, Zn etc in
precipitation form by
replacing acidic
hydrogen of phenolic group
with metal ion.
 OH
N
Salicylaidoxime:
The reagent which is
represented by f ormula
C7H7O2H, is a white OH
crystalline of MP 57°C
and is
sparingly soluble in
water.

The reagent is chief ly

employed f or the
estimation of the bivalent
copper.
 O
1-Nitroso-2-naphthol: N
OH

It is a brown powder
with MP 109°C,
and is insoluble in water ,
soluble in ethyl
alcohol, ether, acetic acid
and alkalies.

This reagent precipitates

quantitatively
cobalt ,palladium, thorium,
f erric ion and f errous ion
f rom alkaline solution.
Nitron:
It is a crystalline yellow
solid which is insoluble in
waterbut soluble in acetic
acid. It is very strong
base and is specific
gravemetric reagent for
NO-³ with which it yeilds
a sparingly soluble
crystalline precipitate.

It forms precipitate with

large number of other ions
such
as oxalate, chromate,
tangstate, chlorate and
iodate.
Thanks