STUDENT DOES

TEACHER DOES
What should you be doing?
What will I be doing?
Introduction

Distillation has remained an important separation technology for the chemical

process industries. crude oil per day. Such columns are used in refineries,
petrochemical plants, gas processing plants and organic chemical plants to
purify natural gas, improve gasoline, produce petrochemicals and organic
products , recover pollutant species, etc.
Distillation can be carried out in a tray or a packed column.
Classification of distillation trays

• Distillation trays can be classified as:

• 1. cross-flow trays
• 2. countercurrent trays (also known as dual-flow trays)
Types of cross flow trays

There are three types of cross-flow trays:

A bubble cap tray is flat perforated plate which has a riser (chimney) for each
hole cover with a cap mounted.
Sieve tray is perforated plate with holes punched into the plate
Valve Tray is using valve which is rise as vapor rate increase and then reduce as
vapor rate fails, this stop the liquid from weeping. Valve can be round or
rectangular , with or without caging structured.
 Steps Require For Tray Column Design
Input Data
Once trays are selected for a given application ,the input data that are required in the design calculations
include density, viscosity, surface tension, diffusivity and flow rate of the liquid stream, as well as density,
diffusivity and Sow rate of the vapour stream. This information can be obtained by performing tray-to-tray
distillation calculations; several commercial computer packages are available for this purpose (e.g. PRO II,
ASPEN PLUS, HYSIM).
As the physical properties and the vapour and liquid Sow rates vary throughout a given column, it is difficult
to provide a single design for the entire column. Instead, the column is divided into a number of sections.
Within each section, trays are designed with the same layout. Normally the section is a set of trays bounded
by two column penetrations (feed and/or drawoff). Tray design calculations should be performed to ensure
that trays at the top and bottom of the section meet the design requirements.
Preliminary Speci\cations

Tray Spacing

 Tray spacing is the distance between two trays.

The overall height of the column will depend on the plate spacing. The spacing chosen will depend on the column diameter and
operating conditions.

Sufficient space must be provided for tray cleaning and repair.

From these considerations,

 The minimum tray spacing is about 12 in (30 cm) for column diameter less than 5 ft,
 (150cm) and 18 in (45 cm) for a column diameter greater than10 ft (300 cm).

In general, it is best to keep trays pacing to a minimum, which is often the most economical.
 Downcomer Area
• Passage of liquid from the top tray to the bottom of tray occurs via downcomers. Downcomers are conduits having circular, segmental,
or rectangular cross sections that convey liquid from upper tray to a lower tray in a distillation column. 
Recess
You will… I will...

 HAVE FUN by…  be monitoring the class to make sure you

 playing on the playground equipment
all are safe
 inventing a game
 exploring nature  give you logical consequences for
 reading your favorite book misbehavior during recess
 chatting with a buddy
 <list consequences for misbehavior>
 drawing/writing
 make sure all students are lined up quickly
 resting in the shade
 doing anything else that is safe and allows you to and safely when it is time to go inside
enjoy your break!
 *if necessary* follow through with <insert teacher’s
name> consequence for your misbehavior
Dismissal
You will… I will...

 make sure your space is clean and organized  look to make sure all student spaces are
 complete your class job if you have one
clean and organized
 make sure you have your homework or the directions
for homework  make sure you are completing your class
 have <insert teacher’s name> sign off on your behavior job, if you have one
<folder/sheet> and place it in your backpack
 sign off on your behavior <folder/sheet>
 sit quietly until you are dismissed (Is it OK to talk?
 <insert what you will do during dismissal…
Absolutely! Just make sure you are using a whisper
voice so we can hear all announcements! ) will you be reading to them, talking to them
 say goodbye to <insert teacher’s name> and your about their day, doing work, etc.?>
friends as you leave