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Physics 111: Mechanics: Dale Gary
Physics 111: Mechanics: Dale Gary
Lecture 12
Dale Gary
NJIT Physics Department
Linear Momentum
and Collisions
Conservation
of Energy
Momentum
Impulse
Conservation
of Momentum
1-D Collisions
2-D Collisions
The Center of Mass
the velocity
The dimensions of momentum are ML/T
The SI units of momentum are kg m / s
Momentum can be expressed in component
form:
px = mvx py = mvy pz = mvz
p m 0 (v) mv
For the bouncing ball
p m v (v) 2mv
April 19, 2021
How Good Are the Bumpers?
In a crash test, a car of mass 1.5103 kg collides with a wall and
rebounds as in figure. The initial and final velocities of the car are vi=-15
m/s and vf = 2.6 m/s, respectively. If the collision lasts for 0.15 s, find
(a) the impulse delivered to the car due to the collision
(b) the size and direction of the average force exerted on the car
I p f pi mv f mvi
(0.39 10 4 kg m / s ) (2.25 10 4 kg m / s )
2.64 10 4 kg m / s
p I 2.64 10 4 kg m / s
Fav 1.76 105 N
t t 0.15s
April 19, 2021
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the impulse imparted to the superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 kg-m/s
(C) 20 kg-m/s I p mv f mvi
(D) 200 kg-m/s
(E) 2000 kg-m/s
April 19, 2021
Impulse-Momentum Theorem 2
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the force between the sidewalk and the
superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 N I p mv f mvi
F
(C) 20 N t t t
(D) 200 N
(E) 2000 N
April 19, 2021
Conservation of Momentum
In an isolated and closed
system, the total momentum of
the system remains constant in
time.
Isolated system: no external forces
Closed system: no mass enters or
leaves
The linear momentum of each
colliding body may change
The total momentum P of the
system cannot change.
April 19, 2021
Conservation of Momentum
Start from impulse-momentum
theorem
F21t m1v1 f m1v1i
F12 t m2 v2 f m2 v2i
Since F21t F12 t
Then m1v1 f m1v1i ( m2 v2 f m2 v2i )
So m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
0 m1v1 f m2 v2 f
m2 0.5kg
v1 f v2 f (50.0m / s ) 0.417m / s
m1 60.0kg
April 19, 2021
Conservation of Momentum
A 100 kg man and 50 kg woman on ice skates
stand facing each other. If the woman pushes
the man backwards so that his final speed is 1
m/s, at what speed does she recoil?
(A) 0
(B) 0.5 m/s
(C) 1 m/s
(D) 1.414 m/s
(E) 2 m/s
pi p f
m1v1i m2 v2i
vf
m1 m2
v f 5.00m / s
m1v1 m2 v2 0
April 19, 2021
An SUV Versus a Compact
(c) Find the change in the kinetic
m
energy of the system consisting 1 1.80 10 3
kg , v1i 15m / s
of both cars. m2 9.00 10 2 kg , v2i 15m / s
v f 5.00m / s
1 1
KEi m1v1i m2 v22i 3.04 105 J
2
2 2
1 1
KE f m1v1 f m2 v22 f 3.38 10 4 J
2
2 2
KE KE f KEi 2.70 105 J
2 2 2 2
Typically have two unknowns
Momentum is a vector quantity
Direction is important
Be sure to have the correct signs
Solve the equations simultaneously
2 2 2 2
m1 (v12i v12f ) m2 (v22 f v22i )
v v ( v v )
m1 (v11i i v1 f )( v21ii v1 f ) m21(fv2 f v22i )(f v2 f v2i )
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f m1 (v1i v1 f ) m2 (v2 f v2i )
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
April 19, 2021
Summary of Types of Collisions
In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i m1v1i m2 v2 i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
5.00 10 4 kg m / s
tan 1.33
3.75 10 kg m / s
4
m1 x1 m2 x2
xCM
m1 m2
where M = m1 + m2 + m3 +…
1 n
m1 x1 m2 x2 m3 x3
xCM
M
i 1
mi xi
m1 m2 m3
1 n
m1 y1 m2 y2 m3 y3
yCM
M
i 1
mi yi
m1 m2 m3