HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

ESP specialist agree that the initial impetus which gave birth to
English for Specific purposes did not come strictly from within
linguistic or the language teaching profession.

Worldwide developments in Science, technology, business and

HOW DID ESP commerce after the World War II, As well as the emergence of
COME ABOUT? English as the international language of business and science,
have created a population wanting to learn English for practical
and utilitarian purposes.

Linguistic also underwent a kind of revolution in theory. The

traditional view of language as an artifact whose grammar and
formal features needed to be described and analyzed shifted to a
view of language as a means of communication.
WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF ESP
DEVELOPMENT?

The Development of ESP in terms of five stages. These

are:
 Stage One: Register Analysis
 Register studies in a sense provided justification for learning
how English is use in particular disciplines or specializations.
 They took the form of the lexical, grammatical, and syntactic
studies to highlight the features of scientific and technical
English.
 WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF ESP
DEVELOPMENT?

The Development of ESP in terms of five stages. These are:

 Stage Two: Discourse Analysis
 This stage continues the earlier preoccupation with the language
of specific discipline. This stage expanded the concept of
register to stress the importance of studying language beyond
the sentence level.
 “i know... but i feel like
we’re... it feels like I
“if you think that i’m asking
supposedly have a title to the
for a declaratory relief, then
real property but in reality
maybe that’s because there’s
there’s encumbrance and I
a justiciable controversy,”
can’t be calm unless there’s a
quieting of the title.”
 WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF ESP
DEVELOPMENT?

The Development of ESP in terms of five stages. These are:

 Stage Three: Target Situation Analysis
 aims to determine what students need to be able to do in English as a
result of the course and achieves this outcome by means of activities
which mirror those of the target work situation.
 Necessities
 Lacks
 Wants
Why is the How will the
language needed? language be used?

TARGET
Who will the SITUATION
What will the
learner use the
content areas be? ANALYSIS
language with?
FRAMEWORK

Where will the When will the

language be used? language be used?
FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING LEARNING NEEDS

Why are the What

How do the
learners taking resources are
learners learn?
the course? available?

Where will the When will the

Who are the
ESP course ESP course
learners?
take place? take place?
 WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF ESP
DEVELOPMENT?

The Development of ESP in terms of five stages. These are:

 Stage Four: Skills and Strategies
 In this stage, we concern to the two things: thinking
process underlie language use and focus on underlying interpretative
strategies. 
 This development is based on the belief that certain cognitive strategies
underlie the production and use of language and that these cognitive
strategies and processes apply across different registers.
 WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF ESP
DEVELOPMENT?

The Development of ESP in terms of five stages. These are:

 Stage Five: Language teaching approach
 This stage is similar to the skills and strategies stage but focuses
on the processes involve in language learning
Some ideas about learning which are important to ESP teachers are:
 Existing knowledge.
 Items of knowledge.
 Language learners
 Motivation