CAVITE WESTPOINT

COLLEGE
Ternate, Cavite
Special Crime Investigation
Lesson Number -03

Crime Scene Processing

April 10 @ 0800H – 1100H

Cesar C. Calmada, MA Crim

Police Commissioned Officer (Ret)
SCI Instructor
TOPP 2003
 O F A N
TO O LS N
T O R I
S T I G A
IN V E FA C TS
E R I NG
G AT H
The 3-I’s in Criminal Investigation

Information
Interview/Interrogation
Instrumentation
The 3-T’s in Investigation
(Trichotomy)

Tools
Training
Technique
“Curiosity is one of the most
permanent and
certain characteristics of a
vigorous mind.”

(Samuel Johnson
 I N FO R MAT I O N

Data gathered by an investigator from other persons

including the victim himself and from:

1. Public records;
2. Private records; and
3. Modus Operandi file.
 “Understanding the correct processes and
legal parameters for interviewing,
questioning, and interrogation, can make the
difference between having a suspect’s
confession accepted as evidence by the court
or not.”
 INTERVIEW
skillful questioning of witnesses and suspects.
I N T E R R O GAT I O N
is when a representative from the agency collects information about
a crime by questioning suspects, victims, or witnesses.
The ultimate goal of an interrogation is to solve the crime.
An interrogation with a suspect can last a few minutes to several
hours.
What Is the Difference
between Interview and
Interrogation?
 An interview is essentially a structured
conversation where one participant asks
questions, and the other provides answers.

In common parlance, the word "interview" refers

to a one-on-one conversation between an
interviewer and an interviewee.
The term 'interrogation' under Miranda refers
NOT only to express questioning, but also to
any words or actions on the part of the police
(other than those normally attendant to arrest
and custody) that the police should know are
reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating
response from the suspect.
 Interrogation (also called questioning) is
commonly employed by law enforcement
officers, military personnel, intelligence agencies,
organized crime syndicates, and terrorist
organizations with the goal of eliciting useful
information, particularly information related to
suspected crime.
 IS IT LEGAL FOR
THE POLICE TO
LIE DURING AN
INTERROGATION?
 During an interrogation, police can lie and make
false claims.

For example, law enforcement can lie to a defendant

and say their compatriot confessed when the person
had not confessed. Police can also claim they have
DNA evidence, such as fingerprints, linking the
defendant to the crime even if no such evidence
exists.
Personal Experience of the
Lecturer

Interview is a conversational
approach;
Interrogation is more on
confrontational mode.
 I N ST R U M E N TAT I O N

Scientific examination of real evidence, application of

instrument and methods of the physical sciences in
detecting crime.

Instrumentation refers to the tools or means by

which investigators attempt to measure
variables or items of interest in the data-
collection process.
 SIN G
OC ES
N E PR
ES C E
CRI M
 Crime Scene Processing
Is the documentation of the conditions at a crime
scene and recognition of all relevant physical
evidence.

Crime scene processing is a very intricate and

interwoven multiple task function.
PURPOSE OF CRIME SCENE PROCESSING

The purpose of crime scene processing is

to help establish what happened (crime
scene reconstruction) and to identify the
responsible person.
 CRIME SCENE PROCESSNG
PROTOCOL

Interview
Examine
Photograph
Sketch
Process
 INTERVIEW

The crime scene technician must interview the first

officer at the scene or the victim to ascertain the
"theory" of the case.

This information may not be factual information

but it will give the crime scene technician a base
from which to start.
 EXAMINE
To ascertain if the "theory" of the case is
substantiated by what the crime scene technician
observes.

to identify possible items of evidentiary nature,

identify point of entry and point of exit, and getting
the general layout of the crime scene.
 PHOTOGRAPHED
Photographing the crime scene to record a pictorial
view of what the scene looks like and to record
items of possible evidence.

Crime scene photographs are generally taken in

two categories, overall views and items of
evidence.
 SKETCH

A rough sketch is completed by the crime scene

technician to demonstrate the layout of the crime
scene or to identify the exact position of the
deceased victim or evidence within the crime scene.
 SKETCH
A crime scene sketch may not be completed
on every case, however some form of
sketching usually occurs in most cases, i.e., on
a fingerprint lift card to identify exactly where
the latent was recovered.
 PROCESS
The crime scene technician will process the
crime scene for evidence, both physical and
testimonial evidence.
It is the crime scene technicians responsibility to
identify, evaluate and collect physical evidence
from the crime scene for further analysis by a crime
laboratory.
 NOTA BENE
This protocol should be used in all crime
scenes. Whether the crime scene is a
recovered stolen vehicle or a multiple
homicide where several crime scenes are
involved the basic protocol is the same: