Musculoskeletal System

Diagnostic
Muscular System
Movers of all Life Systems
Purpose

The Muscular System

produces movement; helps
to circulate venous blood,
moves chemicals in other
systems
3
 Involuntary Muscles
- Muscles that are under your unconscious
control
Voluntary Muscles
- Muscles that contracts with conscious
control 
4
5
6
7
Surface membrane of each
muscle fiber

Threadlike structures in each

muscle fibers
8
9
Three Types of Muscular Tissue
Location Function Control

Skeletal movement, heat,

skeleton voluntary
posture

Cardiac pump blood

heart involuntary
continuously

Smooth
Peristalsis, blood
G.I. tract, uterus,
pressure, pupil involuntary
eye, blood vessels
size, erects hairs
The Skeletal System supports the body;
protects internal organs; allows movement;
stores mineral reserves.

Skeletal System
The Structure Giver
Exoskeleton

12
Hydrostatic skeleton

13
COELOM

14
Endoskeleton
 Human

Organs/Structures:
- bones
- joints -
cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
 Organs
• Bones
• Produce blood cells
• Red Marrow
• Produce red and white blood cells
• Yellow Marrow
• Consists of stored fat
• Joints
• Found where (2) bones meet
• Cartilage
• Surrounds the end on bone to protect bones
• Ligaments
• Tough band of tissue (bone-bone)
• Tendons
• Thick bands of tissue (muscle-bone)
Bone

Tendon

Cartilage
Joint Ligament

18
Bone Compact spongy
- called cortical bone
- called trabecular bone found in the long
- smooth, hard and heavy
bones surrounded by compact bone.
- made up of units called lamellae which are
- highly vascularized and porous tissue. 
sheets of collagen that gives the bone
strength.

19
During a mild bicycle crash, a person experience lost of blood through wound
bleeding. The spongy bones of the body contain bone marrow that produces
red blood cells to replace those that have reached the end of their life span and
what is lost during bleeding and hemorrhaging.

Stimulus Loss of blood through wound bleeding

Receptor Chemoreceptors (Pain receptors)

Relay neurons

Effector Spongy bones-bone marrow

The spongy bones containing bone marrow produces red blood cells to replace those that
Reponse have reached the end of their life span and what is lost during bleeding and hemorrhaging.

Feedback Negative
Plant Movements
 Higher plants, being fixed to soil, cannot move
from place to place. Really, have you ever seen a tree
with legs?! Yikes.
 Gravitropism

Negative
Gravitropism

Positive
Gravitropism

23
 Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism is the directional response of a plant organ to touch
or physical contact with a solid object.

24
 Thigmonasty
Non-directional nastic response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration

25