SOCIETY AND

CULTURE
(as a complex whole)
Society
is a group of individuals
sharing a common
culture, geographical
location, and government.
4 Major Types of Societies:
-Hunting and gathering
-Horticultural and pastoral
societies
-Agricultural
-Industrial
Hunting and Gathering
Communities date as far
back as several million
years ago and were
considered the first
societies.
 Horticultural and Pastoral
Societies
Horticultural societies
relied on the cultivation of
plants as their primary
source of food, while the
pastoral societies depended
On the domestication of
animals.
Agricultural Societies
Food production became
more efficient due to the
new methods of farming,
the invention of more
advanced tools.
Industrial Societies
Technological
advancement resulted in
the invention of machines
that improved production.
Aspects of
Culture
Dynamic, Flexible and
Adaptive
Cultural behaviors permit
humans to fit into and
adapt to their respective
environments.
Shared and Contested
This means that the
ideas, activities and
artifacts are shared in
common by the various
members of a society or
group.
 Learned through
Socialization or
enculturation
The behavior patterns that
constitute a specific culture
are not genetically or
biologically determined.
 Patterned Social
Interactions
Social interaction, as
commonly viewed, implies
theories of reciprocity,
complementary and
mutuality of response.
Integrated and at
Times Unstable