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Transplantationpptfinal
Transplantationpptfinal
IMMUNOLOGY
1. Introduction
1. Autograft
2. Allograft or Allotransplantation (homograft)
3. Isograft
4. Xenograft or xenotransplantation (heterograft)
Other types of transplants include:
Domino Transplants
This term also refers to a series of living donor transplants
These transplants are otherwise impossible due to blood
type or antibody barriers to transplantation.
E.g. In people with cystic fibrosis
ABO-incompatible Transplants
Is the transplantation of organs or tissues from donors
which are not ABO-compatible
The most important factors are that the recipients not have
produced
isohemagglutinins and
that they have low levels of T cell-independent antigen.
TRANSPLANTATION
REJECTION
2.1 Genetic Background
• Histocompatibility antigens.
• In humans, the MHC is called the human leukocyte
antigen (HLA) system
• MHC genes are co-dominantly expressed
• The MHC molecules are divided into 2 classes
The class I molecules are normally expressed on all nucleated
cells
class II molecules are expressed only on the antigen presenting
cells (APCs)
• The physiological function of the MHC molecules is to
present antigenic peptides to T cells
2.2 Mechaisms of Rejection by Adaptive Immunity