HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE - VI

BOOK 1 : THE STORY OF WESTERN ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY :

NITESH
POONAM
SHEETAL SHRIVASTAVA (18040137)
TANYA (18040139)
 CHAPTER 13 : AFTER MODERNISM (1973 TO NOW)

• Capitalism was started which led to distortion of capitals.

• Second outcome was low production.
• fall in production lead to not match the demand of the population.
• there are no answer for the middle class people which lead to privation and social disruption
for them.
• Stakeholders and political leaders are focusing on the management of lifestyles of higher class
people , who support at the political level.
• This lead to :
 protection of finance capital at the expense.
 poverty
 anti welfare and anti working class policies as a fact of life.
 unemployment
• Many styles arrived due to the influence of writings and the styles are like: 2
 Classical
 Classical revival
 Vernacular popular
 Metaphorical adhocist

• Complexity and contradiction – Robert

venturi
• In this he explained that they reacted BUILT FORM : CLASSICAL :DOGMERFIELD PARK, ENGLAND

against the single minded, serious

purpose of modernism.
• After these writings any the styles green
city concept took birth and this changed
the living of the all group class people.

BUILT FORM : CLASSICAL REVIVAL : RICHMOND RIVERSIDE

PUBLIC BUILDING 3

BAC DE RODA FELIP - II

PUBLIC SERVICE BUILDING GLASS PYRAMID GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

HOUSING 4

GUILD HOUSE APARTMENT

STREETS

INDUSTRIAL BUILDING

PARKING

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

URBAN 'REGENERATION'

• In Barcelona, which hosted the Olympics in 1992, many new sports facilities were built,
Arata Isozaki's Palau Sant Jordi sports hall, and the Velodromo Horta by Bonell and Rius
• The new Villa Olímpica at Nova Icaria provided accommodation for the athletes and in the
longer term, housing for sale. Numerous engineering works included a new road bridge by
Santiago Calatrava, Norman Foster's Collserola telecom tower, slightly higher by intent than
the Tour Eiffel - and the Cinturón, a high speed ring-road round the whole city centre.
• The reclamation of the waterfront for pedestrians, a new beach, a marina, a waterside
shopping centre, and luxury hotels, were all offshoots of the Olympic project, and provided a
basis for the physical improvement of the city.
• The Moll de la Fusta. Its biggest road junction became the site of the huge Parc de la Trinitat,
constructed in and around the flyovers.
• Near the old bullring came the Parc Joan Miró, with lakes, shady walkways, a library and a
huge Miró-inspired obelisk

The Moll de la Fusty in Barcelona (1907) The Parc de la Trinitat (1992) laid out inside
Barcelona's biggest voad Junction.
• The Moll de la Fusta. Its biggest road junction became the site of the huge Parc de la Trinitat,
constructed in and around the flyovers.

• Near the old bullring came the Parc Joan Miró, with lakes, shady walkways, a library and a
huge Miró-inspired obelisk. Outside Sants railway station the Plaça dels Països Catalans was
built, zwith its curving.
• The new paving of the Plaça del Sol, an underground car- park was dug, which returned the
streets of the Gracia district to pedestrians.
• Even in the closely-packed Ciutat Vella, the old city centre, numerous tiny spaces were
inserted, like the Plaça George Orwell with its playful metal sculpture, and the Fossar de les
Moreres.

• Barcelona's airport was reconstructed in

1992 by the local architect Ricardo Bofill.

• Norman Foster designed London's third

airport at Stansted (1990)

• The huge Chek Lap Kok airport for Hong

The large-scale geometryof the Parc de la Trinitat
derives from the curvature of the roads.
Kong (1996) which, covering an area of
more than half-a-million square metres,
was the largest covered space ever built.
Both this and Renzo.
• Piano's Kansai airport at Osaka in Japan (1994) posed the added problem of having to be built
on land reclaimed from the adjacent sea.

• Foster's and Piano's buildings were international in style, but the new airport at Kuala Lumpur
(1998), by the Japanese.

• Architect Kisho Kurokawa, was designed in a regional style, to give visitors an immediate
impression of Malaysian culture. Stansted was perhaps the first modem airport in which the roof
was a lightweight structure of lattice-work and glass.

• Foster used the same principle at Hong Kong. Meinhard von Gerken's Stuttgart airport (1992),
with its tree-like roof structure, and the complex lattice-work of the TGV interchange building at
Charles de Gaulle airport, Paris (1994), by Paul Andreu and Jean-Marie Duthilleul, were
developments of this theme.
• The American architect Richard Meier developed his elegant neo-Corbusian style of building,
notably in his Museum für Kunsthandwerk in Frankfurt (1985).

• The Home of Man, in A Coruña (1995), by Isozaki

and Portela.
• The US-based architect Frank Gehry first made his
name with the Vitra Design Museum at Weil-am-
Rhein in Germany (1988). His powerful
expressionist architecture achieved a world-wide
fame with the opening (1990) of the Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao.
• Mario Botta's San Francisco Museum of Modem Art
(1995) was a composition of powerful postmodernist
forms in brick and stone.
Parque de l'EspañaIndustrial (1985) by Luis Pena and
Francesc Rius
• In Japan, the modernist architect Tadao Ando built the Historical Museum at Osaka (1993) in
a form which reflected the burial grounds and tumuli of medieval times.
• Kisho Kurokawa's Museum of Modem Art at Wakayama (1991) was a modern concrete
• Building which used traditional Japanese architectural forms.
• The Museum of Photography of Tottoi (1995), by Shin Takamatsu, was also an essay in
modernist reinforced concrete.
• Thatcherite city did have critics where poets authors introduced:
• Informal urban landscape of post industrial cities.
• Called the space terrain vague – provided by congress of the union international des architects
in Barcelona in 1996.
• 2 main prominent architects provided their theory :
1. Le corbuiser – vers une architecture
2. Gropius – bauhau and the new architecture
• Focused on congested strees and dark , unhealthy homes
• Proposed clean, unambitious environment full of daylighting ventilation and greenery.
• During postmodern period theorists Worked on complex , mysterious and unknowable aspects
of buildings.
• Many theorists gave their illusionary , beautiful , mythical concept
• After period these concepts take its place in many countries like Europe and USA
• In 60’s technologies were used in different projects whereas in 80’s they woeked on aesthatics.
• Ordinary people started exploited the environment.
• Simon rodia inspired the country with his own made junkyard toerd with scraps.
• Community binded architects worked in housing projects to build a community.
• Le Corbusier : cubist housing schemes
• pitched roof
• Verandah and other needs
• Constructed spaces like:
1. Hospital
2. Schools
3. Community centre
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN :

• People and government tried to focus on environment but stakeholdes opposed the ordinary
people and manipulated them for their personal benefits.
• Many authors like james provided their theories in which he explained benefit of :
• Renewable sources
• Conserved energy
• Recycled water
• Natural landscape
• Large environment friendly and housing project was developed which was a zero energy
development buildings : bed zed
• 99 dwelling unit
• Features :
1. Solarpanel
2. Passive solar heat gain
3. Recycled water
4. Renewable sources
5. Local material
• In 1970’s non residential and commercial sector also adapted environment friendly architecture.