FACE

THREATENING
ACTS

A N A K A G U N G N G U R A H K E N ATA
J A N A M E J AYA

1801541085
1.Positive face is the desire to be liked, appreciated, approved, etc.

2.Negative face is the desire not to be imposed upon, intruded, or otherwise put upon.
 FTAs Threatening the Hearer’s Face
• Positive face
Face FTAs threatening the hearer’s self-image.
Threatening 1. Negative expressions that evaluate hearer’s positive face.
Act Example : disapproval, criticism, complaints etc.
2. Expression that does not care about hearer’s positive face.
is an act which challenges
the face of an interlocutor. Example : expressions of violent emotions, taboo topics, bad
news, emotional topics etc.
It may threaten either
the speaker’s face or • Negative face
the hearer’s face, and they FTAs restricting the hearer’s personal freedom.
may threaten either positive
1. Acts that predicating the future act of the hearer.
face or negative face.
Example : orders/requests, suggestions/advice, reminding etc.
2. Acts that predicating the future act of the speaker towards the
hearer.
Example : offers/promises.
 Face
Threatening
Act
is an act which challenges
the face wants of an 3. Acts that expressing a desire of the speaker towards the
interlocutor.
hearer’s goods.
It may threaten either Example : compliments, expressions of emotions.
the speaker’s face or
the hearer’s face, and they
may threaten either positive
face or negative face.
 FTAs Threatening the Speaker’s Face
• Positive face
Face FTAs threatening the speaker’s self-image.
Threatening Example : apologies, acceptance of a compliment, breakdown of
Act physical/emotional control, self-humiliation, confession
• Negative face
is an act which challenges
the face wants of an FTAs threatening the speaker’s personal freedom.
interlocutor. Example : the expression of thanks, acceptance of

It may threaten either thanks/offers/compliments, excuses

the speaker’s face or
the hearer’s face, and they
may threaten either positive
face or negative face.

Politeness
Strategies
Is a strategy that is used to
formulate messages in order
to save the hearer's positive
face when face-threatening
acts are inevitable or desired.
Bald on-record
Bald on-record strategy does not attempt to minimize the threat to the
hearer's face. This strategy is most often utilized in situations where the
speaker has a close relationship with the listener, such as family or close
friends.
Example : “How was school today?”
Positive politeness
Positive politeness strategies seek to minimize the threat to the hearer's
positive face. These strategies are used to make the hearer feel good
about themselves, their interests or possessions. Positive politeness
strategies can also emerge in situations where the speakers do not know
each other well.
Example : “I like your shirt, bro!”
“Let’s have a dinner together!”

Politeness
Strategies
Is a strategy that is used to
formulate messages in order
to save the hearer's positive
face when face-threatening
acts are inevitable or desired.
Negative politeness
Negative politeness strategies are oriented towards the hearer's negative
face and emphasize avoidance of imposition on the hearer. By attempting
to avoid imposition from the speaker, the risk of face-threat to the hearer is
reduced
Example: “You may clean the leftovers if you are not busy”
Off-record
This strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the
potential to be imposing. The strategy of doing off-record to express
something general or different than the speaker’s true meaning and relies
on the hearer's interpretation to have the speaker's purpose get conveyed.
Example: “This milk shake is not sweet at all”.