4-3: Struggling Toward

Saratoga
 1. The Battle of New York 1776
Who won? What were the results?
• The British • The British captured New
York
Why did they win? • The Continentals were
• Their large well-trained demoralized
forces outnumbered the
• More than half of the
Continental Army
Continental Army
deserted, were captured,
or were killed
 2. The Battle of What were the results?
Trenton • The Americans took
the garrison at
Who won? Trenton
• The Americans • Many Continentals
Why did they win? reenlisted; American
• They attacked during a Morale rose
storm on Christmas Night
• They took the over
confident Germans by
surprise
 3. The Battle of Philadelphia
Who won? What were the results?
• The British • The British captured
Philadelphia which was
Why did they win? the American capital
• The British were better
prepared and the British • The Continental
forces outnumbered the Congress was forced to
Colonials flee

• The British forces

wintered comfortably
5. The Battle of
Saratoga
Why did they win?
• Britain’s General
Burgoyne underestimated
the difficulties of fulfilling
his plan of attack
• General Howe’s forces
failed to aid Burgoyne
• Burgoyne’s forces were
weakened by hunger and
exhaustion
Who won?
• The Americans
What were the results?
• British war strategy
changed to keeping
troops near the coastline
• The Continentals saw
that they could beat the
British
• British confidence was
damaged
• France was convinced to
support the Americans
openly
 1b. What were some of the hardships that Colonial
soldiers faced?
• Remaining clothed;
keeping fed; staying
warm and healthy

• The difficulties of
having to provide
their own housing

• Keeping their spirits

up
 2b. What were some of the hardships members of
Congress faced
• Financing the war;
battling inflation

• Equipping the army;

fighting profiteers

• Negotiating with
France
 3b. What were some of the hardships civilians faced?
• Many women whose
husbands marched off to
war stepped in to run the
family farm or business
• Other women followed
their husbands to the
battlefield and washed,
mended and cooked for
the troops
• Some women joined the
war effort by making
ammunition
• 5000 African Americans
served in the army
 Valley Forge
• The place where
Washington’s army
spent the winter of
1777-1778. The
soldiers suffered from
hunger and frostbite.
More than 2000
soldiers died
 Inflation
• Inflation: A rise in the
price of goods.
• The more money the
Congress printed, the
less it became in
worth
• In New York, for
example, the price of
beef and sugar
doubled in one three-
month period
 Profiteering
• Profiteering: Selling goods that are difficult
to come by for a profit
• Some corrupt government officials took
part in selling hard to find weapons and
goods for a high price