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Chapter 3 Engineering Mechanics
Chapter 3 Engineering Mechanics
Chapter 3 Engineering Mechanics
• Moving the point of application of the force F to the rear bumper does not
affect the motion or the other forces acting on the truck.
•The moment of a force about any axis is equal to the sum of the moments
of its components about that axis.
B
d2
d F
d1
Q
P
A
Fd = Pd1 + Qd2
Sample Problem 3.1
M O Fd
d 24 cm cos 60 12 cm
M O 100 N 12 cm M O 1 .2 N m
Sample Problem 3.1
M O Fd
1200 N cm F 24 cm
1200 N cm
F F 50 N
24 cm
Sample Problem 3.1
d) To determine the point of application of a 240 N
force to produce the same moment,
M O Fd
1200 N cm 240 N d
1200 N cm
d 5 cm
240 N
OB cos60 5 cm OB 10 cm
Sample Problem 3.1
e) Although each of the forces in parts b), c), and d)
produces the same moment as the 100 N force,
none are of the same magnitude and sense, or on
the same line of action. None of the forces is
equivalent to the 100 N force.
Moment of a Couple
ve M Fd 1 Fd 2 F
F (d1 d 2 ) A ’
F
Fd d2
d
d1
300 N
250
120 N mm
100 mm 200 N 120 N
300 N
50 mm
50 mm 150 mm 150 mm
200 N
Addition of Couples
Q’
q
Q S P+S
’ S
P P
p p p
P’ P’
P’ + S’
Sp Qq
M P S p Pp Sp Pp Qq
Resolution of a Given Force into a Force Acting at a
Given Point and a Couple
• Any force F acting on a rigid body may be moved to any given point A,
provided that a couple M is added, the moment M of the couple must equal the
moment of F (in its original position) about A.
F F
F
F
d
A
A = A = M=Fd
F’
• Inversely, a force F acting at A and a couple M may be combined into a
single resultant force F, by moving F such that the moment M of the
couple is eliminated.
d =M/F
F
F
A
M
M = A
Reduction of a System of Coplanar Forces to One Force
and One Couple. Resultant of a System of Coplanar
Forces.
• Any given system of coplanar forces may be reduced to a
single force R, called the resultant of the system or a single
couple M, called the resultant couple of the system, as the case
may be.
• The necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium thus can be written
as :
F x 0 F y 0 M A 0
Free-Body Diagram
First step in the static equilibrium analysis of a
rigid body is identification of all forces acting
on the body with a free-body diagram.
• Select the extent of the free-body and detach
it from the ground and all other bodies.
• Indicate point of application, magnitude,
and direction of external forces,
including the rigid body weight.
• Indicate point of application and assumed
direction of unknown applied forces. These
usually consist of reactions through which the
ground and other bodies oppose the possible
motion of the rigid body.
• Include the dimensions necessary to
compute the moments of the forces.
Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-
Dimensional Structure
• Reactions equivalent
to a force with known
line of action.
Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-Dimensional
Structure
• Reactions equivalent to a
force of unknown direction
and magnitude.
• Reactions equivalent to a
force of unknown direction
and magnitude and a
couple.of unknown
magnitude
Equilibrium of a Rigid Body in Two Dimensions
Fx 0 Fy 0 M A 0
More unknowns than Fewer unknowns than Equal number unknowns and
equations equations, partially equations but improperly
constrained constrained
Sample Problem 3.1
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram
for the crane.
• Determine B by solving the
equation for the sum of the moments
of all forces about A. Note there will
be no contribution from the unknown
reactions at A.
A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg
• Determine the reactions at A by
and is used to lift a 2400 kg crate.
solving the equations for the sum of all
It is held in place by a pin at A and
horizontal force components and all
a rocker at B. The center of gravity
vertical force components.
of the crane is located at G.
• Check the values obtained for the
Determine the components of the
reactions by verifying that the sum of
reactions at A and B.
the moments about B of all forces is
zero.
Sample Problem 3.1
• Determine B by solving the equation for the
sum of the moments of all forces about A.
M A 0 : B1.5m 9.81 kN 2m
23.5 kN 6m 0
B 107.1 kN
• Determine the reactions at A by solving the
equations for the sum of all horizontal forces
and all vertical forces.
• Create the free-body diagram.
Fx 0 : Ax B 0
Ax 107.1 kN
Fy 0 : Ay 9.81kN 23.5 kN 0
Ay 33.3 kN
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the
car with the coordinate system
aligned with the track.
• Determine the reactions at the wheels
by solving equations for the sum of
moments about points above each axle.
• Determine the cable tension by
solving the equation for the sum of
A loading car is at rest on an inclined force components parallel to the track.
track. The gross weight of the car and its
load is 5500 N, and it is applied at G. • Check the values obtained by
The cart is held in position by the cable. verifying that the sum of force
components perpendicular to the track
Determine the tension in the cable and are zero.
the reaction at each pair of wheels.
Sample Problem 3.2
2320 N
Sample Problem 3.3
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the
frame and cable.
SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram of the joist.
Note that the joist is a 3 force body
acted upon by the rope, its weight, and
the reaction at A.
58.6
Sample Problem 3.4
• Determine the magnitude of the reaction
force R.
T R 98.1 N
sin 31.4 sin110 sin 38.6
T 81.9 N
R 147.8 N