TE JE RO S CO V E N TI ON

MARCH 22, 1897

ABOUT:
•THE TEJEROS CONVENTION (ALTERNATE NAMES INCLUDE TEJEROS
ASSEMBLY AND TEJEROS CONGRESS) WAS THE MEETING HELD ON
MARCH 22, 1897 BETWEEN THE MAGDIWANG AND MAGDALO
FACTIONS OF THE KATIPUNAN AT SAN FRANCISCO DE MALABON
(NOW GENERAL TRIAS, BUT THE SITE IS NOW AT ROSARIO, 
CAVITE.]
•THESE ARE THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY, ALTHOUGH ONLY THE
KATIPUNEROS (MEMBERS OF THE KATIPUNAN) WERE ABLE TO TAKE
PART, AND NOT THE GENERAL POPULACE.
PURPOSE:

•THE CONVENTION WAS CALLED TO DISCUSS THE DEFENSE

OF CAVITE AGAINST THE SPANIARDS DURING
THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION.
•INSTEAD, THE CONVENTION BECAME AN ELECTION TO DECIDE THE
LEADERS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT, BYPASSING THE
SUPREME COUNCIL.
•THE REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS HELD AN IMPORTANT MEETING IN A
FRIAR ESTATE RESIDENCE IN TEJEROS TO RESUME THEIR
DISCUSSIONS REGARDING THE ESCALATING TENSION BETWEEN
THE MAGDALO  AND MAGDIWANG  FORCES; AND ALSO TO SETTLE ONCE
AND FOR ALL THE ISSUE OF GOVERNANCE WITHIN THE KATIPUNAN
 THROUGH AN ELECTION.
SITE OF THE TEJEROS CONVENTION IN PRESENT-DAY ROSARIO, CAVITE,
WHICH WAS FORMERLY PART OF SAN FRANCISCO DE MALABON
e •  d  Summary of the March 22, 1897 Philippine presidential election, 1897
Results
Candidate Faction Votes %
Emilio Aguinaldo Magdalo 146 57.03%

Andrés Bonifacio Magdiwang 80 31.25%

Mariano Trías Magdiwang 30 11.72%

Valid votes: 256 100.00%

Votes cast: 256 100.00%

Registered voters: 256 100.00%

 Position Name Faction

President Emilio Aguinaldo Magdalo

Vice-President Mariano Trías Magdiwang

Captain-General Artemio Ricarte Magdiwang

Director of War Emiliano Riego de Dios Magdiwang

Director of the
Andrés Bonifacio Magdiwang
Interior
•BONIFACIO ACCEPTED THE DECISION, BUT NOT BEFORE
INSISTING ON A RECOUNT OF THE VOTES. SUPPORTERS SUCH
AS SEVERINO DE LAS ALAS MADE ABORTIVE EFFORTS TO HELP
MAKE BONIFACIO VICE PRESIDENT
•HOWEVER, DANIEL TIRONA OBJECTED THAT THE POST SHOULD
NOT BE OCCUPIED BY A PERSON WITHOUT A LAWYER'S
DIPLOMA. HE SUGGESTED A LAWYER LIKE JOSE DEL ROSARIO IS
QUALIFIED FOR THE SUITABLE POSITION.
•BONIFACIO THEN VOIDED THE CONVENTION AS SUPREMO  OF THE
KATIPUNAN.
•SOME MAGDIWANG LEADERS, LED BY PIO DEL PILAR AND 
MARIANO LLANERA, RECANTED THEIR PREVIOUS INSISTENCE
THAT THE RESULT OF THE CONVENTION IS NULL AND VOID,
THEREBY RECOGNIZING THE VALIDITY OF THE ELECTED LEADERS,
THEY LATER OCCUPIED THE FIVE VACANT POSITION UPON
APPOINTMENT FROM AGUINALDO.
•AFTER THE NEWLY APPOINTED OFFICIALS HAD TAKEN
THEIR OATH OF OFFICE ON APRIL 24, 1897, AGUINALDO
CONVENED THE FIRST SESSION OF THE CABINET, ON THE
SAME DAY, AGUINALDO ISSUED AN OFFICIAL CIRCULAR
INFORMING THE TOWN PRESIDENTS IN ALL
MUNICIPALITIES THAT HE WAS DULY ELECTED BY THE
CONVENTION AND ASSUMING HIS POSITION AS
PRESIDENT.
Official Cabinet of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government
Position Name Term Political Faction
President Emilio Aguinaldo March23,1897-November1,1897 Magdalo

Vice-President Mariano Trías March23,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Captain-General Artemio Ricarte March23,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Director of War Emiliano Riego de Dios April24,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Director of State Jacinto Lumbreras April24,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Director of Finance Baldomero Aguinaldo March23,1897-November1,1897 Magdalo

Director of Welfare Mariano Alvarez April24,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Director of Justice Severino de las Alas April24,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang

Director of the
Interior
Pascual Alvarez April24,1897-November1,1897 Magdiwang
ALLEGATIONS OF FRAUD
•IN ADDITION TO BONIFACIO'S STATEMENT VOIDING THE
OUTCOME THE PROBITY OF THE ELECTION HELD HAS BEEN
QUESTIONED, WITH ALLEGATIONS THAT MANY BALLOTS
DISTRIBUTED WERE ALREADY FILLED OUT AND THAT THE
VOTERS HAD NOT DONE THIS THEMSELVES.
•IN THEIR MEMOIRS, SANTIAGO ÁLVAREZ AND GREGORIA DE JESÚS
 BOTH ALLEGED THAT MANY BALLOTS WERE ALREADY FILLED OUT
BEFORE BEING DISTRIBUTED, AND GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
CONTENDED THERE WERE MORE BALLOTS PREPARED THAN
VOTERS PRESENT. ÁLVAREZ WRITES THAT BONIFACIO HAD BEEN
WARNED BY A CAVITE LEADER DIEGO MOJICA OF THE RIGGED
BALLOTS BEFORE THE VOTES WERE CANVASSED, BUT HE HAD
DONE NOTHING.
EMILIO AGUINALDO
•AGUINALDO SURREPTITIOUSLY TOOK HIS OATH OF OFFICE AS
PRESIDENT IN A CHAPEL OFFICIATED BY A CATHOLIC PRIEST
CENON VILLAFRANCA WHO WAS UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE
ROMAN POPE. ACCORDING TO GEN. SANTIAGO ALVAREZ, GUARDS
WERE POSTED OUTSIDE WITH STRICT INSTRUCTIONS NOT TO LET
IN ANY UNWANTED PARTISAN FROM THE MAGDIWANG FACTION
WHILE THE OATH-TAKING TOOK PLACE.
•AFTER ASSUMING THE PRESIDENCY, AGUINALDO SENT A
DELEGATION TO CONTACT BONIFACIO AND PERSUADE HIM
TO COOPERATE WITH THE NEWLY CONSTITUTED
GOVERNMENT. THE DELEGATION WAS ABLE TO CONTACT
BONIFACIO, BUT WAS UNABLE TO PERSUADE HIM TO
COOPERATE.
ACTA DE TEJEROS
•AFTER LEAVING THE CONVENTION, BONIFACIO MET ON
MARCH 28 WITH 45 OF HIS FOLLOWERS. CONVINCED
THAT THE ELECTION AT THE CONVENTION HAD BEEN
INVALID, THEY DREW UP A DOCUMENT TITLED ACTA DE
TEJEROS  GIVING THEIR REASONS FOR HAVING REJECTED
THE CONVENTION RESULTS
NAIK MILITARY AGREEMENT
• THEY THEN PROCEEDED TO NAIK AND DREW UP ANOTHER DOCUMENT,
SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS THE NAIC MILITARY AGREEMENT, REPUDIATING
THE INSURGENT GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED AT TEJEROS. SEVERAL
COMPLAINTS AGAINST BONIFACIO, NOTABLY FROM SEVERINO DE LAS ALAS AND
JOSE CORONEL, WERE PRESENTED TO EMILIO AGUINALDO. AGUINALDO
DISPATCHED A FORCE TO NAIK, WHICH ARRESTED ANDRES AND PROCOPIO
BONIFACIO AFTER AN EXCHANGE OF GUNFIRE IN WHICH ANDRES WAS
WOUNDED AND HIS OLDER BROTHER, CIRIACO, WAS KILLED.
EXECUTION OF BONIFACIO

•ANDRES AND PROCOPIO WERE TRIED ON CHARGES

OF TREASON BY MEMBERS OF THE WAR COUNCIL OF
AGUINALDO'S GOVERNMENT. ON MAY 10, 1897, THE
BROTHERS WERE EXECUTED
“
THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY: ”
BRILLO, PAULO
MANGALINDAN, ANJANETTE S.
TALAM, EMANUEL P.