Professional Documents
Culture Documents
05 Second Week of Development
05 Second Week of Development
DEVELOPMENT
BY
AIAH LEBBIE
M.B.Ch.B, FCS (ECSA)
Day 8
Activities of Day 8
• Partial implantation of the embryo
• Trophoblast overlying the embryoblast divides into
2 layers
• Inner layer → cytotrophoblast consist of
mononucleated cells
• Outer layer → syncytotrphoblast consist of a
mutinucleated zone without distinctive cell
membranes
• Mitosis occur in the cytotrophoblast layer and
produces cell to replenish syncytotrophoblast layer
• Inner cell mass (embryoblast) also divide in two
layers
• hypoblast layer → small cuboidal cells adjacent
to the blastocyst cavity
• epiblast layer → high columnar cells adjacent to
the amniotic cavity
• the layers form a flat embryonic disc
• a small cavity appears within the epiblast which
enlarges to become the amniotic cavity
• Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast are
called amnioblasts
• Amnioblast + epiblast line the amniotic cavity
• Endometrial changes
– endometrial stroma adjacent to the implantation
site is edematous and highly vascular
– large, tortuous glands secrete abundant glycogen
and mucus.
Summary of Activities of Day 8
1. Partial implantation of the blastocyst
2. Trophoblast divides into two layers →
cytotrophoblast and syncytotrophoblast
3. Embryoblast also divides into two layers →
hypoblast and epiblast
4. Formation of amniotic cavity
5. Endometrial changes → increased vascularity
and edema + mucus and glygogen production
by endometrial glands
Activities of Day 9 and 10
• blastocyst is more deeply embedded in the
endometrium
• Defect in endometrium closed by fibrin
coagulum
• vacuoles appear in the syncytium at the
embryonic pole
• Fusion of these vacuoles form large lacunae →
lacunar stage
• exocoelomic (Heuser) membrane forms at the
embryonic pole and lines the inner surface of
the cytotrophoblast
• This membrane and the hypoblast line the
exocoelomic cavity, or primitive yolk sac
Summary of Activities of Day 9
1. Blastocyst continues to be deeply implanted
2. Fibrin clot closes the defect in the
endometrium at the implantation site
3. Formation of lacunae in the
syncytiotrophoblast
4. Formation of exocoelomic cavity or primitive
yolk sac lined by the exocoelomic membrane
and the hypoblast
Activities of Days 11 and 12
• Implantation completed with blastocyst fully
embeded in the endometrium
• Defect in endometrium closed with epithelium
• The blastocyst slightly protrudes into the
lumen of the uterus
• The lacunae communicate with each other and
are more prominent at the embryonic pole
• cytotrophoblastic cells predominate at the
abembryonic pole
• At the same time the lacunae are formed, cells of
the syncytiotrophoblast penetrate deeper into the
stroma and erode the endothelial lining of the
maternal capillaries
• These congested and dilated capillaries are known as
sinusoids
• The lacunae become continuous with the sinusoids,
and maternal blood enters the lacunar system
• With erosion more and more sinusoids form
• maternal blood begins to flow through the
trophoblastic lacunae system thereby establishing
the uteroplacental circulation
• A new population of cell derived from the
primitive yolk sac appears between the inner
layer of cytotrophoblast and outer layer of the
exocoelomic membrane
• This population of cells form a loose connective
tissue known as the exocelomic mesoderm
• the exocelomic mesoderm fills the space
between the trophoblast externally and the
amnion and exocoelomic membrane internally
• large cavities develop in the extraembryonic
mesoderm → confluent forming a new space known
as the extraembryonic coelom, or chorionic cavity
• The chorionic cavity surrounds the primitive yolk
sac and amniotic cavity, except where the germ disc
is connected to the trophoblast by the connecting
stalk
• The extraembryonic mesoderm lining the
cytotrophoblast and amnion is called the
extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm
• the mesoderm covering the yolk sac is known as the
extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm
• the bilaminar disc grows slowly compared with
the trophoblast
• decidua reaction
– Endometrial cells → polyhedral and loaded with
glycogen and lipids
– intercellular spaces are filled with extravasate, and the
tissue is edematous
– Initially confined to the area immediately surrounding
the implantation site but soon occur throughout the
endometrium
Summary of Activities of Day 11 and 12
1. Implantation completed
2. Establishment of uteroplacental circulation by
communication between lacunae formed in
embronic syncytotrophoblast and maternal
dilated and congested capillaries
3. Formation of of exocoelomic mesoderm →
a loose connective tissue between the
cytotrophoblast and exocoelomic cavity by cells
derived from the yolk sac
4. Formation of extraembryonic or chorionic
cavity in the mesoderm
Activities of Day 13
ACTIVITIES OF DAY 13