Impeding Factors in

Implementing TQM in Higher

Education Sector in Pakistan
ARIF MASOOD
My Topic
 Impeding means;
◦ Interfere with

◦ Impeding success factors

 Factors that contribute
Introduction
 This paper will attempt to further discuss a
quality assurance strategy in education, and
provide a framework for a systematic
interpretation and a successful
documentation/ implementation of the most
comprehensive standard in the ISO 9000
series; namely ISO 9001.
Problem statement
 The primary viewpoint of pubic sector began
to alternation in the 1980’s, when changes
and architectural changes were being
suggested and endorsed in this industry
around the world. The new control viewpoint
was called New Public Management and the
reasons for expansion of this concept were
the primary problems of performance and
efficiency associated with the Public sector
(Boston et al. 1996).
 This paper is designed to provide a
framework for studying the standards that
may effect Quality Certification execution in
Education and learning Sector of Pakistan.
“Total Quality is defined as conformance to
requirements.” Crosby (p.2, 1967).
Research questions
 How Measurement & Evaluation impacts
Quality Certification.
 How Process Control & Improvement impacts

Quality Certification.
 How Employee Involvement impacts Quality

Certification
Research objectives
 To analyze the impact of Measurement &
Evaluation on Quality Certification.
 To analyze the impact of Process Control &

Improvement on Quality Certification.

 To analyze the impact of Employee

Involvement on Quality Certification

Theoretical framework
Review of literature
 Throughout the world, higher education
institutions (HEIs) are concerned about
insuring and improving the quality of their
services and satisfying their customer’s
requirements. These concerns have led HEIs
to implement a quality
management/assurance system with
compliance to the ISO 9001 standard.
 This standard is the popular choice for educational
organizations (Thonhauser & Passmore, 2006)
despite the fact that previous studies pointed out
gaps specific to the field of higher education (HE)
within ISO 9001:2000/2008 (Becket & Brookes,
2008; El Abbadi, Bouayad & Lamrini, 2011a,
2011b, 2011c). Furthermore, the ISO strategic plan
2011-2015 does not identify education as one of
the sectors where ISO standards provide and
achieve benefits (International Organization for
Standardization [ISO], 2010-2011).
Methodology
 this research is utilizing a qualitative research
enlightening outline to recognize, analyze
and characterize the need quality
certifications in higher education in Pakistan
by interviewing various scholars.
Population and sample
Population:
 Grove and Burns (2001, p.83) characterize

population as a gathering of people who

share common characteristics or ascribes of
enthusiasm to the scientist. The population is
specified to enquire the need quality
certifications in higher education in Pakistan
by interviewing various scholars.
Sample Size:
 The Sample size of this research is 8.
Results and discussion
 The impact of Measurement & Evaluation on
Quality Certification.
 From the above discussion it is concluded

that measurement and evaluation is a

necessary element in the quality certification.
To maintain the quality standards, one should
have measurement and evaluation system.
 The impact of Process Control & Improvement
on Quality Certification.
 From the above discussion it is concluded

that process control and improvement is an

important factor in the quality certification.
To maintain the quality standards, continuous
quality improvement is necessary.
 The impact of Employee Involvement on
Quality Certification.
 From the above discussion it is concluded

that employee involvement is a necessary

element in the quality certification. This study
discloses that quality certification will provide
a superior impact on the institutions objective
and produce value in improving the economic
value.
Conclusion
 Quality Certification convey issue resolution
methods and consistent advancement
opportunities, it is efficient use to help institution
acquire their highest return on investment.
Therefore institution embracing quality certification
philosophies as a component of their corporate
scheme and utilizing any model of Business
Excellence for quality certification Strategy
execution will minimize the cost of its execution
and will provide a concrete foundation of necessary
increased human function and capabilities,
Recommendations
 • Other than addressing day to day activities and issues,
long-term policies and strategies should be formulated
in order to achieve sustainability and foresee future.
 • Since HEC has made mandatory that every higher

education institution must have an explicitly written

“Vision”, many universities have developed one, but it
has not been shared by its workforce.
 • Competition though might sound alien to public sector

in general but is really important in today’s world,

therefore institutions need to compare academic and
administrative processes with other institutions and
improve them in order to get more resources from
different bodies.
 • Fair Performance Measures should be developed and
importantly implemented to evaluate performance of
academic units and employees.
 • Employees should be treated as the organization’s most

valuable and long-term resources, that are worthy of

receiving necessary education and training in order to achieve
the university’s vision.
 • It is also recommended that co-curricular activities and

student clubs should be supported by public sector

institutions to develop its students as a package.
 • Lastly, continuous improvement and monitoring may be

built-in into all policies and procedures instead of just one

time attention so that issues are addressed and errors are
minimized.