PRINTING OF POLYESTER WITH DISPERSE DYE

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vermadeen (18110067)

Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

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 Content
 Introduction to disperse dyes
 Properties of Disperse Dyes
 Introduction to polyester
 Transfer Printing of polyester
 Recipe
 Fixation methods of dyestuff
 Soaping and washing

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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
 Disperse Dyes
 Dyes are coloured, unsaturated organic chemical compounds capable of giving
colour to a substrate (a textile), i.e. colouring or dyeing it.
 The term “disperse dye” have been applied to the organic colouring substances which are free
from ionizing groups, are of low water solubility and are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic fibres.
 Disperse dyes have substantivity for one or more hydrophobic fibres e.g. cellulose acetate,
nylon, polyester, acrylic and other synthetic fibres.
 The negative charge on the surface of hydrophobic fibres like polyester can not be reduced by
any means, so non-ionic dyes like disperse dyes are used which are not influenced by that
surface charge.

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 Properties of Disperse Dyes
 Disperse dyes are nonionic dyes. So they are free from ionizing group.
 They are ready made dyes and are insoluble in water or have very low water solubility.
 They are organic colouring substances which are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic fibres.
 Disperse dyes are used for dyeing man made cellulose ester and synthetic fibres specially
acetate and polyester fibres and sometimes nylon and acrylic fibres.
 Carrier or dispersing agents are required for dyeing with disperse dyes.
 Disperse dyes have fair to good light fastness with rating about 4-5.

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 What Is Polyester Fabric?

 Polyester is a synthetic fabric that’s usually derived from petroleum. This fabric is one of the
world’s most popular textiles, and it is used in thousands of different consumer and industrial
applications.
 Chemically, polyester is a polymer primarily composed of compounds within the ester
functional group. Most synthetic and some plant-based polyester fibers are made from ethylene,
which is a constituent of petroleum that can also be derived from other sources.

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 Dyestuff used for polyester
 Dyestuff used for cotton , wool and silk are not suitable for polyester.
 Special hydrophobic dyestuff , called disperse dye , is used for printing

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 Transfer Printing of polyester
 Polyester is mainly printed by Transfer printing (sublimation transfer printing)
 In conventional method , the print paste is prepared using a few ingredients such as citric acid (
to make paste acidic ) , sodium chlorate , and thickening .
 Locust bean gum , modified guar gum (Indalca) and Meypro gum are commonly used as
thickening agents . Sodium chlorate is used to protect the brightness of the prints and
counteract the action of reducing fumes, during steaming , on the dye.
 The printing paste should adhere to the surface of the fabric and should not penetrate deep
into ; for this purpose , the rollers in machine printing are engraved shallow and the screens in
screen printing having a high mesh (above 120) are used .
 During fixation of the dye at high temperature , the fabric is in a plastic or viscous state and the
dye is in a volatile state so that it “dissolve “ in the fabric and the colour becomes very fast; the
penetration is sop complete that it is difficult to distinguish between the printed side and the
black side
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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

 Recipe
 The fabric is printed with dye containing :
 100 parts disperse dye (in liquid form)
 175 parts water
 700 parts Meypro gum thickening(5%) or locust bean gum
 5 parts sodium chlorate
 20 parts citric acid (to adjust the pH between 5.5 to 6 )
 Total = 1000 parts

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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
 Continuous calender transfer printing machine

 Hot Cylinder dia: 0.5 to 2 metre

 Electrical heating arrangement: 180-220 degree centigrade.
 Continuous process in which fabric is exposed to heat for approx. 30 seconds.
 Fabric is fed into the machine by the help of endless blanket in close contact with transfer paper.
 Backing paper is also fed to protect blanket from sublimed disperse dye.
 Speed is approx. 15 m/min
 Known manufactures are Kannegiesserand kleinwefers; Braithwaite and sons.

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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
 Continuous calender transfer printing machine

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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

 Fixation of disperse dyes
 Normal steaming is insufficient for fixing the dye unless carrier is used
 There are three methods which are used for fixation of printing paste
 (1) Thermo-fixation
 Fixation temperature : 210 degree Celsius
 Not suitable for thermo-sensitive textiles and dyes with low sublimation temperature
 Less bright print
 Time of fixing :1 minute

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 Fixation of disperse dyes
 (2) Super-heated steaming
 best suited method live steam at atmospheric pressure is raised from 100 to 200 degree Celsius
by bringing it in contact with radiation which are heated to 200 degree Celsius by oil heating
system or electrical heating .
 Time of fixing : 7 to 8 minutes
 Temperature ; 180 degree Celsius
 Continuous process, high production
 As there is no tension in fabric hence handle of fabric is soft
 Process is suitable for printing knitted goods from textured yarns

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 Fixation of disperse dyes

 (3) High pressure steaming

 2nd best process
 Batch process , low production , costly
 Steaming is carried out under pressure in a kier at 0.5kg/sq cm pressure after driving out all the
air and condensate from kier .
 Good colour yield, bright prints and smooth feel, discharge dyes with low sublimation
temperature can also be fixed.
 If , after high pressure steaming , the prints are rinsed and treated further for a short time with
dry heat or super heat steam, the dye diffuses deeper into fibre and deeper shade and improved
brightness .
 Temperature : 128 degree Celsius
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Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

 Soaping and washing
 Fabric is rinsed first with cold water to prevent staining of ground and then hot water ; deeper
shades are reduction cleared at 50o C for 20 minute in a bath containing 2g/l caustic soda
,sodium hydrosulphite and 2 g/l non-ionic wetting agent , rinsed with hot water first and then
with cold water.

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 Thank you

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