RESEARCH DISSEMINATION

Analysis of Job Satisfaction and Factor Affecting Dentists’ Retention in Rural

and Remote Areas of Indonesia

Tiara Oktavia Saputri, Ariq Noorkhakim,

Harlye Tangkere, Mutma Inna

Dentist in South Halmahera,

North Maluku
Ceritaaaaa motivasi
 INTRODUCTION
Maldistribution of health worker WHO global policy recommendations
(inc. dentist) (2012)

Educatio
n
43,53% Puskesmas are lack of Regulation Incentives
dentists
Personal and
(Indonesia's Health Profile, 2018) professional
support
 INTRODUCTION, Cont.......
National National National
Basic Health Basic Health Basic Health
Research
57,6% of the Research 97,2% Research
(2018)
Indonesian
(2018)
Indonesian (2018) 93% of
population population Indenesian
have a dental over 3 y.o did children
problem and not brush have dental
only 10,2% who their teeth
get treatment. caries.
well.

Availability of dentist in all areas in Indonesia, both urban and rural

areas is crucial.

Research was conducted to The number of studies concerning the real

analyze the job satisfaction
conditions experienced by dentists working in
and factors affecting
dentists’ retention in these rural and remote
areas. areas in Indonesia is limited.
 METHODS
QUESTIONNAIRE Facilitators and Barriers to Health Workforce Retention in Rural and
BASED Remote Setting of Indonesia: A Literature Review (Kartika, 2019)

Career and Personal

Professional Working Living
Character
Political Cultural
Incentives Developme Condition Condition
istics Factors Factors
nt

The subject of this research were Confidence level of 95% and

dentists working in rural and remote
areas in Indonesia. 10% margin of error.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Subject Characteristics 111 respondent completing the questionnaire

64 RA 44 VRA 3 SA

52 Nusantara Sehat

27 Civil Servants
24 PTT
2 of each contract, private and Indonesian Army

27 provinces in Indonesia 1 of each honorary and BLUD

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Job satisfaction is a positive attitude toward someone’s job as a result of the
Analysis of evaluation (Robbins, 2008). In this case, the presence of the dentist who were
Satisfaction Level dissatisfied working in rural and remote areas could affect the interest in working
permanently in rural and remote areas.

Correlation
• 45,9% of • Therefore, it was
respondents claimed necessary to conduct
• Job satisfaction was re-evaluation if some
that they were not positively related to
satisfied working in workers were
work discipline and dissatisfied.
rural and remote organizational
areas. commitment (Ilahi,
Satisfaction 2017).
To do
level
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of Factors Affecting Retention
81,1 %
Knowing factors affecting dentists’ retention in
rural and remote areas is a notable milestone to 80,2 %
be achieved in designing policies to improve 79,3 %
quality health.
70,3 %
67,6 %
45,9 %

17,1 %
This description is expected to support the policymakers to determine priorities dealing with dentist
mal-distribution issue.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
WORKING CONDITIONS
81,1 %
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2005) said
80,2 % Working
that working conditions or working
79,3 % conditions
environment are affecting job Incentives
satisfaction and productivity. 70,3 % Living
67,6 % conditions
Career and
Professional Only 16.2% of respondents said that they
45,9 % Personal Development
characteristic were satisfied with the working conditions in
17,1 % Cultural their workplace.
factors
Political
factors If the working condition is improved, 84.7% of respondents choose to work
permanently in the area.

Improving working conditions could improve health workers’ performance and productivity.
WORKING CONDITIONS
Working conditions
• Kondisi bekerja menjadi alasan memilih tempat kerja
sekarang : 25,2%
• Puas dg infrastruktur faskes yang ada (lab, dll) : 16,2%
• Peningkatan infratsruktur meningkatkan minat kerja
menetap : 84,7%
• Puas dg sublai bahan kesehatan yang ada: 15,3%
• Peningkatan suplai bahan meningkatkan minat kerja : 81,1%
• Puas dg alkes yang ada : 13,5%
• Peningkatan alkes, menibgkatkan minat kerja tetap : 80,2%
• Puas dg beban kerja yang ada : 59,5%
• adanya perbaikan beban kerja meningkatkan minat
menetap : 79,3%
• Puas dg jobdes yg diberikan : 55,9%
• Perbaikan jobdes meingkatkan minat menetap : 78,4%
• Puas dg supervise : 42,3%
• Perbaikan supevisi menigatnkan mnat menetap kerja : 74,8%
• Puas dg gaya kepeminpinan dan manajemen yang ada : 28,8%
• Perbaikan GKM meningkatkan minat kerja menetap : 79,3%
• Pekerjaan yang debarikan sesuai kompenetsi : 86,5%
• Perbaikan pemberian pekerjaan sesuai kompetensi meningkatkan minat kerja
meneta : 82,9%
• Puas dg hubungan yang terjalin dg teman kerja : 84,7%
• Perbaikan hubungan yang terjalin meningkatkan minat kerja : 80,2%
• Puas dg kemananan personal saat bekerja : 64,9%
• Peningkatan keamanan personal saat kerja meningkatkan minat menetap : 882,9%
 INCENTIVES (80,2%)
Financial Non Financial

42,3% 63,1%
dissatisfied dissatisfied

If increased, 82.9% If increased, 78.4%

claimed willing to claimed willing to
work permanently work permanently

Setiawan, A., A. (2010) said, incentives are Mkoka et al (2015) stated, adequate and
one of factors affecting a person’s decision to transparent incentives which were paid on time
choose a workplace. could increase motivation to work permanently.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
LIVING CONDITIONS
81,1 %
Living conditions are a condition where
people stay and it relates to many factors, 80,2 % Working
such as geographical condition, public conditions
79,3 %
facilities, food, housing, safety, social Incentives
interact, etc. An ideal living condition is 70,3 %
where those factors can be fulfilled. Living
67,6 % conditions
Career and 70,3% of respondents claimed
Professional
45,9 % Personal Development that they dissatisfy yet with the
17,1 %
characteristic facilities provided by their
Cultural
factors
current workplace.
Political
factors If living conditions were improved, 82,9% of respondents claimed that they
were willing to work permanently in rural and remote areas.

Improving facilities in the dentists’ workplace in rural and remote areas is essential and considered as
the main focus to improve dentist retention.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
LIVING CONDITIONS
81,1 %
Living conditions are a condition where
people stay and it relates to many factors, 80,2 % Working
such as geographical condition, public conditions
79,3 %
facilities, food, housing, safety, social Incentives
interact, etc. An ideal living condition is 70,3 %
where those factors can be fulfilled. Living
67,6 % conditions
Career and 70,3% of respondents claimed
Professional
45,9 % Personal Development that they dissatisfy yet with the
17,1 %
characteristic facilities provided by their
Cultural
factors
current workplace.
Political
factors If living conditions were improved, 82,9% of respondents claimed that they
were willing to work permanently in rural and remote areas.

Improving facilities in the dentists’ workplace in rural and remote areas is essential and considered as
the main focus to improve dentist retention.
Living conditions
• LC menjadi alasan memilih tempat kerja sekarang : 39,6%
• Keluarga tinggal di dekat tempat kerja dan mudah ditemui : 23,4%
• Jika dekat keluarga, minat menetap meningkat : 70,3%
• Puas dengan fasilitas tempat tinggal sekarang (air, listrik dll) : 29,7%
• Peningkatan fasilitas meningkatkan minat kerja tetap : 82,9%
• Puas dengan keamanan disekitar tempat tinggal : 67,6%
• Peningkatan keamanan meningkaykan minat kerja menetap : 82%
• Puas dengan hub personal dg masyarakat: 91%
• Penibgkatan hub personal dg masyarakat meningkatkan minat kerja menetap :
82,9%
 Working conditions

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Living conditions Incentives
CAREER AND PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
81,1 %
So far, the opportunity to
progressively improve careers and 80,2 %
Personal characteristic Career and Professional Development
opportunities to attend regular 79,3 %
training was easier for workers in
70,3 %
urban areas.
Political factors 67,6
Cultural %
factors
Only 36,9% respondents claimed that
45,9 %
they were satisfied with career and
17,1 % professional development in rural and
remote areas.

If career and professional development were improved, 71,2% of respondents

claimed that they were willing to work permanently in rural and remote areas.

Improving career and professional development in rural and remote areas is essential and
considered as the main focus to improve dentist retention.
Perkembangan karir dan profesionalitas
• PKP menjadi alasan memilih bekerja ditempat sekarang : 52,3%
• Puas dg PKP yang ada : 36,9%
• Peningkatan PKP meningkatkan minat bekerja menetap : 71,2%
• Puas dg job security (tdk tersingkir dari pekerjaan) : 54,1%
• Peningkatan JS meningkatkan minat bekerja menetap : 57,7%
• Puas dg kesempatan mengikuti seminar dan pelatihan : 31,5%
• Peningkatan kesempatan seminar, meingkatkan minat kerja menetap :
80,2%
 Working conditions

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Living conditions Incentives
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC
Every human has different characteristics which 81,1 %
differ from one another. Knowing the dentists’ 80,2 %
Personalwho
personal characteristics characteristic Career and Professional Development
working and living
in rural and remote areas can be one of the 79,3 %
government considerations to produce dentists
who have appropriate personal characteristics 70,3 %
to work in rural and remote areas.
Political factors 67,6
Cultural %
factors
45,9 %
17,1 %
This study showed that dentists who are willing to work and live in
rural and remote areas were influenced by their personal characters
(67,6%).
The moral reason such as dedication, humanity, and devotion become dominant factors affecting dentists’ interest in
living in the rural and remote areas (90,1%).

It can be concluded that developing moral values in dentistry educational program is crucial in order to support the success of
dentists’ distribution in Indonesia.
Personal characteristic
• Usia pengaruh pemilihian tempat kerja : 45,9%
• Jenis kelamin memepengaruhi pemilitan tempat kerja : 28,8%
• Status perkawinan mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerja : 41,4%
• Latar belakang asal daerah mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerja :
38,7%
• Tingkat pendidikan memepangaruhi pemilihan tempat bekerja : 42,3%
• Passion mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerja sekarang : 76,6%
• Alasan moral mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerj sekarang : 90,1%
 Working conditions

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Living conditions Incentives
CULTURAL FACTORS
81,1 %
Cultural factors did not give 80,2 %
significantPersonal characteristic
impact to dentist Career and Professional Development
79,3 %
retention in rural and remote
areas. 70,3 %

Political factors 67,6

Cultural %
factors
45,9 %
17,1 %
79,3% respondents stated that
cultural differences did not obstruct them to work.
60,4% respondents stated that cultural factor did not affect the dentists’ satisfaction level in working in
rural and remote areas.

Moreover, 51,4% of respondents stated that they wanted to stay in their current workplace due to
cultural differences.
Kebudayaan
• Perbedaan budaya memepengaruhi kepuasan dalam bekeja : 39,6%
• Pengaruh perbedaan budaya terhadap minat kerja menetap : jadi ingi
menetap 51,4%, 48,6% tidak ingin menetap
• Perbedaan budaya menghambat pekerjaan : 20,7%
 Working conditions

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Living conditions Incentives
POLITICAL FACTORS
81,1 %
Shah et al. (2016) stated that political
factors affected the placement of Career and Professional Development 80,2 %
Personal characteristic
health workers in remote areas. 79,3 %
However, this condition could not be
70,3 %
found in this study.
Political factors 67,6
Cultural %
factors
45,9 %
17,1 % 9% of respondents stated that there was political intervention in the selection of their
current place of work. 17.1% of respondents believed that the existing bureaucracy and
administration system became their reasons for choosing their current workplace.
However, 68.5% of respondents were dissatisfied with the existing bureaucracy system.

69.4% of respondents said that they were not satisfied with the local government support. 83.3% respondents stated that the increasing
local government support improved the dentists’ interest in working permanently.

Thus, it will be better if the government evaluate and improve the existing bureaucracy and administration system in remote areas. In addition
evaluation and improvement in this sector are needed. It is in line with Leonardia et al (2012) who stated that local government support played
an important role in the retention of health workers in the area.
Political factors
• Faktor politik mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerja : 10,8%
• Terdapat intervensi politik dalam pemilihan tmpat kerja : 9%
• Sistem birokrasi dan administrasi mempengaruhi pemilihan tempat kerja
sekarang: 17,1%
• Puas dengan sistem biro adm yang ada : 31,5%
• Dukungan pemerintah daerah menjadi alasan memilih tempat kerja seranag
: 27%
• Puas dengan dukungan pemda : 30,6%
• Peningkatan dukungan pemda mempengaruhi minat kerja menetap : 83,8%
testimoni
• Hal paling menarik : ingin mengabdi, pemandangan indah, pengalaman baru,
gaji, hubungan social baik, tidak ada, dukungan pemerintah baik, penghargaan
masyarakat yang baik, dekat tempat tinggal, dapat kasus menatang, pekerjaan
tidak padat,

• Hal yang paling tidak menarik : tidak ada, jauh dari keluarga, bahan alat kurang
memadahi, jarak kota jauh, fasilitas tempat tinggal kurang, pimpinan kurang
transparan, kepemimpinan kurang baik, transportasi sulit, kurangnya dukungan
pemda, jauh dari tempat pendidikan, masyarakat suka mabuk, daerah rawan
bencana, adanya permainan politik, skill tidak berkembang, kurang tepat
hiburan, jobdesk tidak sesuai profesi, pengurusan sip rumit, sifat iri hati staf
PKM,
 CONCLUSIONS

Some respondents feel

dissatisfied working in rural and
remote areas in Indonesia.

Working conditions, incentives, living conditions, career and professional

development, and personal characteristic affect dentists’ interest in working
permanently in rural and remote areas. However, cultural and political
factors did not.
THANK YOU
