VERTICAL STRESSES IN SOIL

MASS - PART 1

Presented by: Abby Jean N. Bolonos

Refer to the soil profile shown in figure below:

a. Calculate the variation of σ , u , and σ′ with depth.

b. If the water table is rises to the top of the ground

surface, what is the change in the effective stress at the
bottom of the clay layer?

c. How many meters must the ground water table rise to

decrease the effective stress by 15 KN/m2 at the bottom
of the clay layer?
For dry sand layer

For saturated clay layer, (S=1)

 Se = Gsw
w=

= 18.40 kN/m3
 a. Calculate the variation of σ , u , and σ′ with depth.
 
Note:
)  Point A, (z=0m)

Point B, (z=5m)

Point c, (z = 9m)
 b. If the water table is rises to the top of the ground surface, what is the
change in the effective stress at the bottom of the clay layer?

  saturated sand layer, (S=1)

For
Se = Gsw

w=
 

= 20.52 kN/m3

  saturated clay layer, (S=1)

For
Se = Gsw
w=

= 18.40 kN/m3
 c. How many meters must the ground water table rise to decrease the
effective stress by 15 KN/m2 at the bottom of the clay layer?

 
For the figure shown, if the area of the tank is 0.5
m2 and hydraulic conductivity of sand is 0.1
cm/sec. What is the magnitude and direction of the
rate of seepage? If the value of h=1.2 m, will
boiling occur? Why? What should be the value of
“h” to cause boiling?
a. What is the magnitude and direction of the rate of seepage?

 K = 0.1 × 10-2m/s
A = 0.5 m2

I=

Q=k×i×A
= (0.001 m/s) × (0.6) × (0.5)
= 3 x 10-4 m3/s, upward
b. If the value of h=1.2 m, will boiling occur? Why?
 Se = Gsw
w=

= 20.442 kN/m3
Total Stress @ B
Refer to the soil profile shown in figure: For sand in
the shown profile below, if e = 0.7 and Gs = 2.65.
Draw diagrams of total and effective stresses and
pore water pressure with depth.
c. What should be the value of “h” to cause boiling?

 
 For moist sand layer, (S=0.5)
Se = Gsw
w=

= 17.312 kN/m3

 For saturated sand layer, (S=1)

Se = Gsw
w=

= 19.332 kN/m3
  A, (z=0m)
Point

Point B, (z=2m)

 
Point c, (z = 4m)

Point d, (z = 6m)
Diagrams of total and effective stresses and pore water pressure with depth.