𝑆𝑒𝑎

  𝑆= {𝑡 + 2 ,𝑡 − 1 }
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟
  𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑣=3 𝑡 +2 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑆

[  𝑣 ] 𝑆 = 5 /3
[ 4 / 3]
  𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑉 ( 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑒𝑛
  𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧 , 𝑢 , 𝑣
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖 ó𝑛:   1 −2 0 3 − 4 1 −2 0 3 −4

[ ] [ ]
  𝑓 2= 𝑓 2 −3 𝑓 1
3 2 8 1 4 0 8 8 −8 16
𝐴= 𝑓 3= 𝑓 3 −2 𝑓 1
2 3 7 2 3 0 7 7 −4 11
𝑓 4=𝑓 4+ 𝑓 1
−1 2 0 4 −3 0 0 0 7 −7

  1 −2 0 3 −4 1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴 𝑓 2= 𝑓 2− 𝑓 3 0
0
0
[ 7
1

0
1
7
0
−4
−4
7
5
11
−7
] 𝑓 3= 𝑓 3 −7 𝑓 2 0
0
0
[ 1
0
0
1
0
0
−4
24
7
5
− 24
−7
]
  1 −2 0 3 −4 1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴 𝑓 4=𝑓 4 −
7
24
𝑓2
0
0
0
[ 1
0
0
1
0
0
−4
24
0
5
−24
0
] 𝑓 3=
1
24
𝑓3
[
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
−4
1
0
5
−1
0
]
   1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴
[ 0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
−4
1
0
−1
0
]
5 → 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔 ( 𝐴 ) =3

𝑈𝑛𝑎
  𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜

 𝐿𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑉 𝑒𝑠 :

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
  𝑑𝑒 𝑉 ={ ( 1 , −2,0,3 , − 4 ) , ( 0,1,1 ,− 4,5 ) , ( 0,0,0,1 ,− 1 ) } :

 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑉 = {𝑡 ( 1, − 2,0,3 ,− 4 )+ 𝑘 ( 0,1,1 ,− 4,5 ) + 𝜆 ( 0,0,0,1 , −1 ) ,𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑘 , 𝜆 𝜖 𝑅 } :

 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 é 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠 :

 𝑥=𝑡
 𝑦=− 2𝑡 +𝑘
 𝑧=𝑘
𝑢=3𝑡
  −4 𝑘 + 𝜆
𝑣  =− 4 𝑡 +5 𝑘 − 𝜆
 𝐶
  á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙 𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑉

  1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴
[
𝑆𝑒𝑎
 
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
−4
1
0
5
−1
0
]
→ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔 ( 𝐴 ) =3

( 𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧 ,𝑢 , 𝑣 ) 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑉

  1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴′
[ 0
0
𝑥
1
0
𝑦
1
0
𝑧
−4
1
𝑢
5
−1
𝑣
]
⇒ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔 ( 𝐴 ′ )=3

  1 −2 0 3 −4

 
𝐴
′
𝑓 4= 𝑓 4 − 𝑥𝑓 1

1
0
0
0
[ 1
0
2 𝑥+ 𝑦
−2
1
0
𝑧
−4

0
1
−3 𝑥 +𝑢
5
−1
4 𝑥+ 𝑣
3
] −4
𝑓 4=𝑓 4 − ( 2 𝑥+ 𝑦 ) 𝑓 2
0
0
0
[ 1
0
0
1
0
−2 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧
−4
1
5 𝑥+ 4 𝑦 +𝑢
5
−1
− 6 𝑥 −5 𝑦 +𝑣
]
  1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴′
[ 0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
− 2𝑥 − 𝑦+𝑧
−4
1
5 𝑥+ 4 𝑦+ 𝑢
5
−1
− 6 𝑥 −5 𝑦+ 𝑣
]
  1 −2 0 3 −4
𝐴
′
𝑓 4= 𝑓 4 − ( 5 𝑥+ 4 𝑦+𝑢 ) 𝑓 3
[0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
−2 𝑥 − 𝑦+ 𝑧
−4
1
0
5
−1
− 𝑥 − 𝑦 +𝑢+ 𝑣
]
 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 :

𝑉 : −2 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧=0  
 
{
− 𝑥 − 𝑦+𝑢+ 𝑣=0  
 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 :

𝑉 : −2 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧=0  
 
{
− 𝑥 − 𝑦+𝑢+ 𝑣=0  
  Ax=0, A 𝑓  1 : 𝑥+ 𝑦 −𝑢 − 𝑣=0
 𝑥=… .
  𝑓 1 ↔ 𝑓 2 −1 −1 0 1 1
[
−2 −1 1 0 0 ]  𝑧=𝑡 ,𝑢=𝑘 , 𝑣=𝛼
1 1 0 −1 −1
  𝑓 1=− 𝑓 1
[ −2 −1 1 0 0 ]   +

  𝑓 2= 𝑓 2+2 𝑓 1 1 1 0 −1 −1
0 [ 1 1 −2 −2 ]
𝑑𝑒
  𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 h𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 :

𝑓  2 : 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 2𝑢 − 2 𝑣=0
 𝑦=− 𝑧+2 𝑢+2 𝑣