.

From the incisal aspect, the central incisor's outline is

roughly triangular.
It is also apparent that this tooth and its incisal edge
are the widest mesiodistally of any of the permanent
incisors.
a.The root is single, conical, relatively straight, and
tapers to a rounded apex.
Hutchinson's incisors –
congenital syphilis sometimes manifests itself in the
central incisor by producing a screwdriver shaped crown,
when it is viewed from the labial aspect
Talon CUSP –
A large accessory cusp on the lingual surface of maxillary
incisors characterizes this anomaly. Involved teeth often
bear a resemblance to a Phillips screwdriver.
MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR MAX LATERAL INCISOR
LABIAL ASPECT:
GENERAL FORM:
1. Trapezoidal shape. 1. Resembles central incisor in all
aspects except its smaller size.
2. Convex both mesio-distally & inciso-
gingivally.
2. Root length similar to central
3. Mesial outline--- slightly convex incisor.

4. Mesio-incisal angle ---- sharp. LABIAL ASPECT:

2. More convex both mesio-distally
5. Distal outline --- convex & more & inciso-gingivally than central I.
rounded than mesial.

2. Mesial/distal outline--- slightly

convex with more rounded mesio-
incisal angle than central incisor.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR • MAX LATERAL INCISOR
Incisal margin --- may
Incisal outline--- not
exhibit mamelons.
straight due to rounding
Without mamelons,
of both incisal angles.
the margin is
generally straight. Mamelons--- usually
two.
Developmental
depressions &
imbrication lines are
present.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR
4. LINGUAL ASPECT:
Roughly trapezoidal.
Mesial & distal outlines ---
similar to the labial aspect.
Lingual fossa --- shallow
concavity in the half to two
third.
Bounded by mesial & distal
marginal ridges, incisal edge
& cingulum
Fossa usually smooth but
poorly defined ridge may be
present sometimes.
• MAX LATERAL INCISOR
4. LINGUAL ASPECT:
Mesial & distal outline---
similar to labial aspect.
Mesial & distal marginal
ridges & cingulum are
relatively more prominent.
Lingual fossa deeper than
that of central incisor.
Linguo-gingival groove and
lingual pit are usually
found on this surface.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR • MAX LATERAL INCISOR
NO.
Linguo-gingival fissure,
runs more or less in a
vertical direction while
linguo-gingival groove
extends in a roughly
horizontal direction.

Cingulum --- more convex

than that of central I.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR • MAX LATERAL INCISOR

6. DISTAL ASPECT:
Smaller & more convex in
all dimensions than the
mesial surface.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR
. INCISAL ASPECT:
Triangular shape.
Incisal edge --- straight mesio-
distally & centered over the
root.
Labial outline --- slightly
convex.
Lingual outline --- more
convex due to cingulum.
Cingulum slightly off-set to the
distal.
• MAX LATERAL INCISOR
7. INCISAL ASPECT:
Incisal edge --- straight
mesio-distally & centered
over the root.
Labial & lingual outline–
convex.
Cingulum slightly off-set to
the distal & usually more
prominent than the central I.
Mammelons--- indistinct
even in newly erupted teeth.
• MAX. CENTRAL INCISOR
8. ROOT:
Single, conical & tapers to a
round apex.
C.S. at the cervical level shows
rounded triangle outline.
C.S. at the mid root level
shows ovoid outline.
Length of the root is roughly
one and a half times the
crown length.
• MAX LATERAL INCISOR
8. ROOT:
Cross section is ovoid
shaped wider labio-
lingually than mesio-
distally.
Apex relatively sharper
than the central I, & may
be deflected & if so most
often towards the distal.
MANDIBULAR INCISORS
COMPARISION
CENTRAL: SMALL AND LESS DEVP THAN L.INCISOR
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
 Simplest & least variable
teeth in mouth. GENERAL FORM:
Resembles central I in all
 Smallest permanent teeth. respects except that it is
larger.
 Central I slightly smaller
than lateral I.

 As compared to max. I, they

are larger inciso-cervically &
narrower mesio-distally
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR MAND. LAT INCISOR
LABIAL ASPECT: LABIAL ASPECT:

•Roughly trapezoidal, •Incisal margin slopes

sometimes rectangular slightly gingival towards
shape. the distal.

•Convex both mesio- •Disto-incisal angle more

distally & labio-lingually rounded than that of
but less as compared to central I.
maxillary I.
•Contact area on distal
•Height of contour ---- more cervically located
cervical 1/3rd. than mesial side.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
•Mesial outline ---- Tapers
evenly towards gingival in a
nearly straight line.

•Mesio-incisal angle ---- sharp,

more than any incisal angle of
all incisors.

•Contact area ---- incisal 1/3rd.

•Distal outline ---- straight &

similar to mesial outline.

•Disto-incisal angle ---- sharp.

•Contact area ---- incisal 1/3rd.

MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
Incisal outline ----
mamelons, when present
usually 3 in no.

After obliteration, outline is

straight & at right angle to the
long axis of tooth.

Cervical outline ---- curved

towards the root.

Developmental depressions
& imbrication lines ---- usually
not present.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
4. LINGUAL ASPECT:
•Relatively smooth &
5. LINGUAL ASPECT:
structures less prominent than •Outlines similar to
maxillary I. labial aspect.
•Ill-defined lingual fossa with
usually no grooves, fissures or •Cingulum off-set to
pits. the distal more than
•Less prominent cingulum.
central I.

•Mesial, distal & incisal •Curvature of cervical

outlines ---- similar to labial
aspect.
line also off set distally.
•Cervical outline ---- curves
evenly towards the root.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
5. MESIAL ASPECT:
Triangular shape.
Crown slightly offset to the
lingual.
Labial outline ---- slopes in a
straight to slightly convex line
from incisal edge to the crest
of curvature, and then convex
in the gingival 1/3rd.
Lingual outline ---- concave
in the incisal 2/3rd & convex in
the cingulum area.
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
6. MESIAL & DISTAL ASPECT:
Distal surface slightly shorter
inciso-gingivally than mesial
surface.
Mesial cervical line
curvature more than distal.
Contact area on distal is
more cervically located than
mesial.
Mesial contact area--- incisal
1/3rd.
Distal contact area---
junction of incisal & middle
1/3rd.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
Incisal edge ---- straight or
• K
slightly inclined with
inclination towards the labial.

Cervical outline ---- evenly

curved incisally.

Contact area ---- in the

incisal 1/3rd very close to the
incisal edge.

 ovoid shape & centered

labio-lingually.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
6. DISTAL ASPECT: • K
Similar in all aspects to
the mesial surface
except that cervical
margin curves slightly
less towards the
incisal.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
7. INCISAL ASPECT: 7. INCISAL ASPECT:
Diamond shape. Incisal edge--- curves
towards the lingual in
Wider labio-lingually its distal portion.
than mesio-distally.
Cingulum off-set to
Symmetrical mesial the distal.
& distal portions.
These two factors
Straight incisal edge. give appearance of
Cingulum ---- slightly crown slightly twisted
off-set to the distal. on root.
MAND. CENTRAL INCISOR
MAND. LATERAL INCISOR
8. ROOT:
Single, straight & tapers to a 8. ROOT:
sharp apex. Root length ---
From mesial/distal aspect, slightly greater than
root wider & slightly convex central I.
cervico-apically on both labial
& lingual margins.
Root --- thick, wide
Central portion of
mesial/distal surface---- with concavities on the
straight or concave also known mesial & distal surface.
as longitudinal groove.

 Concavity on distal
surface usually more
pronounced.