MAXILLARY CENTRAL

INCISOR
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Located near to midline in the upper arch.
Share a mesial contact with each other.
No. ----------#11, 21.

2. DEVELOPMENT TABLE:
Initiation of calcification -------3-4 months.
Completion of enamel ---------- 4-5 years.
Eruption -------------------------- 7-8 years.
Completion of root -------------- 10 years.
3. LABIAL ASPECT:
Trapezoidal shape.
Convex both mesio-distally &
inciso-gingivally.
Mesial outline--- slightly convex
Mesio-incisal angle ---- sharp.
Distal outline --- convex & more
rounded than mesial.
Incisal margin --- may exhibit
mamelons. Without mamelons,
the margin is generally straight.
Cervical margin --- CEJ curves
evenly towards the root.
Developmental depressions---
Extend from the incisal edge
towards gingival & fade out in the
middle third.
They are called mesio & disto-labial
developmental grooves.
Imbrication lines---
Faint, curved lines roughly parallel
to the CEJ in the cervical 1/3rd are
seen.
4. LINGUAL ASPECT:
Roughly trapezoidal.
Mesial & distal outlines --- similar to
the labial aspect.
Lingual fossa --- shallow concavity in
the half to two third.
Bounded by mesial & distal marginal
ridges, incisal edge & cingulum
Fossa usually smooth but poorly
defined ridge may be present
sometimes.
CINGULUM --- Bulky convexity in
the cervical portion.
Generally smooth but sometimes
labio-lingual groove is present
which separates the cingulum &
lingual fossa.
Occasionally, lingual pit may be
present in the centre of groove.
5. MESIAL ASPECT:
Triangular shape.
Convex both inciso-gingivally &
labio-lingually.
Labial outline --- convex
Lingual outline --- “S” shaped with
concavity in the incisal portion &
convexity in the gingival portion.
Cervical margin --- CEJ curves
towards the incisal.
Incisal outline --- pointed or slightly
rounded in newly erupted incisors
but becomes straight or slopes
from labial to lingual with incisal
wear.
Contact point --- located in the
incisal third & centered labio-
lingually.
6. DISTAL ASPECT:
Similar to mesial aspect except
smaller & more convex inciso-
gingivlly.
Contact point --- smaller & located
at the junction of incisal & middle
third.
7. INCISAL ASPECT:
Triangular shape.
Incisal edge --- straight mesio-
distally & centered over the
root.
Labial outline --- slightly convex.
Lingual outline --- more convex
due to cingulum.
Cingulum slightly off-set to the
distal.
8. ROOT:
Single, conical & tapers to a
round apex.
C.S. at the cervical level shows
rounded triangle outline.
C.S. at the mid root level shows
ovoid outline.
Length of the root is roughly one
and a half times the crown
length.
9. VARIATIONS & ANOMALIES:
a. Lingual surface shows greatest variation of
all crown surfaces. Presence of lingual pit &
depth of fossa vary considerably.
b. Shape of crown when viewed from labial
surface can be rectangular or triangular.
c. Dwarfed root--- short root with abnormal
contour of crown.
d. Hutchinson’s incisors--- screw driver shaped
crown.
e. Talon cusp--- large accessory cusp on the
lingual surface.