DESIGN OF

MACHINE
ELEMENTS
UNIT-1
INTRODUCTION

M.SOMARAJU
LECTURER
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Aditya Polytechnic colleges
Email:somaraj60@gmail.com
 COURSE OUTCOMES

1.INTODUCTION

1. To understand the basic

requirements of design.
2. To define the term design.
3. To identify the factors
governing design.
4. To state general design
procedure.
COURSE CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
1. Factors governing design of
machine elements.
2. Nature of load, Working stress,
Mechanical properties of the working of
product.
3. Process manufacture.
4. Reliability.
5. Durability.
6. Cost.
7. Life of product and safety.
8. General sequence of steps in designing a
machine element.
Definition of design:
Design is a process formulating a plan for achieving a product.
Machine design are mechanical engineering design is the process
of developing new ideas for the construction of machine and
expressing is ideas in the form of plan and drawings.

Design factors:
Design factors are considerations that must be met when a system
or structure is designed to ensure it will satisfy the working
requirements. The design factors create a basic minimum standard
that the engineer.

THE FOLLOWING FACTORS ARE TO BE CONSTRUCT

WHILE DESIGNING A MACHINE ELEMENT:
1)Load
2)mechanism
3)Selection of materials.
4)Manufacturing process.
5)Shape,size,quantity.
6)Effect of environment.
7)Durability and reliability.
8)Cost.
9)Life.
10)Safety.
 Load:
An external force acting on a
component is called load.

Mechanisim :
A mechanism describes the way in which a
machine work.
https://images.app.goo.gl/RYtzLRoEeiHkw5E8A

Selection of materials:
The best materials is one which serve the desired
objectives at the minimum cost under efficient
working conditions..

1) Availability of materials.
2) Cost of materials .
3) Manufacturing process.
 Mechanical properties:
Mechanical properties are associated with behaviour of
materials subjected to Mechanical load.
Shape,Size,quantity:
It is a these largely determined the manufacturing process that
can be used acoustically.

Effect of environment:
To avoid damage due to atmospheric corrosion the to dissimilar metals
should be separated with a non metallic washer or gasket.

DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY:

Durability is the ability to last a long time without significant
deterioration.
Reliability is the quality of being able to be trusted are believed
because because of working well.

Cost:
Cost and quality are inter related.
Increase quality =increase in cost.
Design stress and Working stress:

DESIGN STRESS:
A permissible maximum stress to which a machine part or structural member may be
subjected, Which is large enough to prevent failure in case the loads exceed expected
values.

Working stress:
Working stress is the safe stress taken within the elastic range of the
material.

Factor of safety:
It is the ratio of ultimate stress to design stress.

Simple stress:
Depending on the direction of load different types of stress are
induced in a component.

1)Tensile stress.
2)Compressed stress.
3)Bearing stress.
 BENDING AND TORSION:

Bending equation

Torsion equation
DESIGN PROCEDURE:
Steps for design procedure:
 State the problem.
Indicates the nature of problems purpose of design.

 Study the mechanism.

Suitable mechanism or group of mechanisms for desired a
motion.

 Analyze the problem.

Energy transmitted by mission elements and the forces acting on
each number.

 Select the mechanism and materials.

1)Best mechanism will give desired motion with minimum
friction and wear.
2)Suitable material considered the part size load and
manufacturing facilities

 Determine the size of part.

 Selection of factor of safety depends on material nature of

load and working conditions.

 Modify the design.

1) The size to agree with previous experience.

• Make final drawings .

1) Transfer the design ideas in the form of drawings.
THE END