Unit 1 Cultural Heritage

Discovering
Useful Structures
 To learn the restrictive relative clauses with
that, which, who, whose, whom and /.
 To use the restrictive relative clauses to
describe pictures of disasters.
 Observation

Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.

After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and
citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the
United Nations for help.(Para.2)

Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,
and then moved and put back together again in a place where they
were safe from the water.(Para.4)
 Observation

Find more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4.

1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.(Para.1)

2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy
cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.(Para.2)

3. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over
the relics of the past, but they ...(Para.5)

4. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that
prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.(Para.6)
Presentation

What is the attribute?

( 什么是定语）

What is the attributive

clause?
( 什么是定语从句）
Presentation
some smelly gas a huge crack a deadly disaster 形容词作定语
their rescue work her shock its survivors 代词作定语

a city in ruins a town without factories 介词短语作定语

village wells rescue workers government support 名词作定语

one minute 10,000 nurses 150,000 soldiers 数词作定语

the falling leaves people trapped under the ruins. 分词作定语

定语就是用来修饰或限定名词或者代词的成分
What is the attribute? ( 什么是定
Presentation
What is the attributive clause? 修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语
叫定语，如果定语为一个句子则称
( 什么是定语从句）
为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰
的名词或代词后面。

I know the boy.

The boy is sitting on the desk.

I know the boy

who is sitting on the desk.
定语从句一般放在被修饰成分之后，一般情况下都紧跟着先行词
。
e.g.
This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词 定语从句

１ Do you know the man?

. He spoke just now.

Do you know the man who spoke just now?

 I have read the newspaper.
２.
It carries the important news.
I have read the newspaper which carries the
important news.

I showed him the letter.

３.
I received it this morning.

I showed him the letter (which) I received this

morning.
Presentation
定语从句的一般结构是：先行词 + 关系词 + 从
句
引导词
先行词
I know the boy who (is sitting on the
desk).
先行词：被修饰的成分，即名词或代词。 定语从句

引导词有关系代词： who 、 whom 、 whose 、

that 、 which 关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用
：
1. 引导一个定语从句；
2. 在从句中代替先行词；
 Conclusion

Discuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them. Then make a
short summary in a table or mind map.
关系代词的用法
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
that 人；物 主语 , 宾语 作宾语可省

which 物 主语 , 宾语 作宾语可省

who 人 主语 , 宾语 作宾语可省
whom 人 宾语 可省

whose (人/物)的 定语 不可省

 ( 主句 )The girl is Mary.

1.The girl is reading a book.

2.Everyone likes the girl .
3.The girl's hair is gold.

that
who is reading a book
who
(
The girl whom everyone likes is Mary.
that
) whose hair is gold
 ( 主句 )The book is on the
desk.
1.The book belongs to Mary.
2.Mary likes the book most.
3.The book's cover( 封面 ) is blue.

that
which belongs to Mary
that
( )
The book which Mary likes most is on the desk.
whose cover is blue
 关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法
1. 先行词为 all ， everything ， nothing ，
something ， anything ， little ， much 等不定代词
2. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
一般用 that
而不用 3. 先行词既有人又有物
which
4. 先行词被 all ， every ， no ， some ， any ， little ，
much ， the only ， the very ， the last 等修饰

5. 先行词是 who 或 which 引导的主句中

一般用 who 先行词是 one ， ones ， anybody ， anyone ， all ，
不用 that none ， those 等
 关系副词的用法

The relative Referring to

adverb Function
( 关系副
词) 修饰时间
when time / 抽象时
间
修饰地点
where
place / 抽象地
点
why reason 修饰原因
 关系代词 VS 关系副
词
注意：并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用 when, where,
why ，若先行词在定语从句中不做状语，而作主语或宾语，就必须用
which 或 that 。
比较 :
 We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.
when 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days 。
 We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.
which 在定语从句中作宾语。
1. This is the place _______
where he works.
This is the place ___________we
which/that visited
last year.
2. That was the time ______
when he arrived.
Do you still remember the time that/which
_________
we spent together?
3. This is the reason why/for
____________
which he went.
The reason ___________
that/which he gave us was
quite reasonable.
 Practice

Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.

I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn’t work well.

The free app (which/that) I have downloaded doesn’t work well.

1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous

cultural relic in Egypt.
The photo (that/which) he showed me in his room was a photo of a
famous cultural relic in Egypt.
2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of
Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries. n. 共和国

The project team whose members were from fifteen countries helped
protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.
3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.

The time when this temple was first built was during the Qin
adj.&n. 职业的 ; 专业人员 n. 过程 vt. 处理 ; 加 n. 入口 ; 进
Dynasty. 工 入
4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.
He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.

The professional archaeologist (who/ whom) we met at the entrance to the

Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.
5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under
the desk. I found them yesterday. adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外

The place where I found the documents about the cultural relics
from overseas yesterday is under the desk.

6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple

because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.

The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue
the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next
generation.
 Practice(P10)
Read the conversation and learn about intangible cultural heritage (ICH).
Then complete it with the correct relative pronouns or adverbs.

that/which I really don’t know how to do. I have to

A: My teacher just gave us a task ____________
take that/which
part in an organisation _____________ protects our cultural heritage.
B: Oh, that soundswhose/where
interesting! Where are you planning to go? I’m sure there are all kinds of
whoneed to be protected.
historic sites ___________ cultural relics
A: Yes, but I’m not one of those peoplewhere/on
_________ which
love museums. I think they’re kind of
boring. I like going on field trips _______________ I can experience and do things to
protect cultural relics.
B: Cultural heritage is awhose
lot more than just relics, you know. For example, our country has
whenare also very important. If
many nationalities _______ dances, crafts, and other traditions
we don’t protect those traditions, there may come a time _______ they disappear.
Practice(P62)
Homework
Thank

you ！ Have a nice day!