Digital Electronics

Principles & Applications

Fifth Edition

Roger L. Tokheim

Chapter 9
Shift Registers

©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
CHAPTER 9 PREVIEW
• Overview of Shift Registers
• Characteristics of Shift Registers
• Serial/Parallel Data Conversion
• Serial Load Shift Register
• Parallel Load Shift Register
• Recirculating Shift Register
• Using the 74194 Shift Register IC
• Digital Roulette Game
• Troubleshooting Hints
 OVERVIEW OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
• A shift register is a sequential logic device
made up of flip-flops that allows parallel or
serial loading and serial or parallel outputs
as well as shifting bit by bit.
• Common tasks of shift registers:
– Serial/parallel data conversion
– UART (an example)
– Time delay
– Ring counter
– Twisted-ring counter or Johnson counter
– Memory device
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
•Number of bits (4-bit, 8-bit, etc.)
•Loading
– Serial
– Parallel (asynchronous or synchronous)
•Common modes of operation.
– Parallel load
– Shift right-serial load
– Shift left-serial load
– Hold
– Clear
•Recirculating or non-recirculating
 SERIAL/PARALLEL
DATA CONVERSION
Shift registers can be used to convert from serial-
to-parallel or the reverse from parallel-to-serial.

Parallel out
Parallel out

11 0 11 00 11 11 11 11 Serial out
Serial in 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 Serial out

Parallel in
SERIAL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER
Parallel outputs here.
Order= A B C D
1 1
0 0 0
1 0
1
Data =
Data =01
Inputs here: 4-bit
Clock input: serial-in
(1) Data Clock Pulse 2
Positive-edge
Clock Pulse 1
3
4
6
7
5
8 parallel out
(2) Clock
Clear input:
triggering shift right
(3) Clear
Active = 0 =1
Clear 0 shift register
Deactivated = 1

Note the use of D FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) inputs can be activated with LOW
or disabled with HIGH.
Preset (PS) inputs deactivated.
 TEST
QUESTION #7 #2
#3
#4
#6
#5
QUESTION #1
What is the 4-bit output (bit A on left, D on right) after pulse 6?
1?
2?
3?
5?
4?
This is a ___ type shift register.
A. Serial-in, parallel out
A: Serial-in,A:
A:parallel-out
0100
1000
1100
0000
0010
1001
B. Parallel-in, serial-out

Data
Data =
Data
Data ==1
1
00
1

Clock
Clock
ClockPulse
Clock Pulse
Pulse
Pulse26
4
13
5

Clear
Clear =
Clear
Clear ==1
01
1
PARALLEL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER
Outputs here.
Order= A B C D

Parallel data
inputs

(Active LOW)
Recirculating
lines:
Clock input- H-to-L Pass data
Note thefrom
FFD to FFA
recirculating
on each
lines.
Clear input- Active LOW clock pulse.

Note the use of J-K FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) input activated with LOW.
Parallel load inputs (A,B,C,D) are active LOW.
 RECIRCULATING
SHIFT REGISTER
11
0 00
101
Parallel
Paralleldata
datainputs=
inputs=
only
C& allD
D
Binactive
activated
activated
active

Clock
Clockpulse
pulse8 7
1
2
3
5
6
4

Clear
Clearinput=
input=1 0
1
 UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER IC
Outputs here

Clear input
Serial data Rightactive
input LOW
used during
Serial Load Right
mode ofdata
Parallel operation
inputs

Order: A, B, C, D
during data
Serial Leftloading
Parallel input
used during
Serial Load Left
mode of operation
Clock input
Mode
L-to-HControls:
triggering

Hold
Parallel load
Shift right
Shift left

74194 Universal 4-bit Shift Register IC.

Modes of operation: Hold, Parallel load, Shift right & Shift left.
An active LOW Clear (CLR) input overrides all others.
 USING THE 74194
SHIFT REGISTER IC
1 0
0 1 1
0 0
1
CLR = 1
0

Serial R = X
0

Parallel Load=
01010

Serial L = 0
X
1

Clock pulse 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(L-to-H)

S0= 0
1

S1= 1
0

X = Irrelevant
 TEST
QUESTION
QUESTION#3 #1
#2
#5
#6
#7
QUESTION #4- What is the mode of operation during and the output of the
The
What
What74194
isisthe
the
IC
mode
mode
could
of
ofbe
operation
operation
described
during
during
as a 4-bit
and
andthe
the
(shift
output
output
right,
ofof
universal)
the
the
shift register after pulse 3?
shift
shiftregister
register.
registerafter
afterpulse
pulse2?
1?
4?
5?
6?
A:A:A:A: A:right,
Parallel
A:
Shift
Shift
Clear,
Hold,Universal
left,
load,
00001
0001
0
0010
1
101
00

? ? ? ?
CLR =
CLR =10
1

X
Serial R = 0

Parallel Load=
Parallel Load=
01
0 10
00 0

Serial L = X
1

1
2
4
Clock pulse 6
3
5
(L-to-H)
(L-to-H)

1
S0= 0

0
S1= 1
 DIGITAL ROULETTE GAME

Audio
Amplifier
1
0
0
1
0 1
0
Power-up
Initializing 0
1 1
0
Spin Circuit
Wheel 1
0 1
0
1
0
+5V input
Voltage
8-bit Simulated
Controlled
Ring Counter Roulette
Oscillator
(shift register) Display
(VCO)
SIMPLE TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS

• Feel top of IC to determine if it is hot

• Look for broken connections, signs of
excessive heat
• Smell for overheating
• Check power source
• Trace path of logic through circuit
• Know the normal operation of the circuit