SCTR’s

Pune Institute Of Computer Technology, Pune – 411043

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

304196: (2015 Course)

Employability Skills and Mini Project (ESMP)

Doppler Effect
By:
Pratik Patil
Roll no:32143
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Content
Sound Wave
What is Doppler Effect?
Why does the Doppler effect happen?
Different Cases
Applications of Doppler effect
References

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Sound Wave:
A series of disturbances in matter that the human ear
can detect travelling through a medium.

Elements that necessary for the transmission and

reception:
1)Source
2)Medium
3)Detector
Ex: Bell

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 Sound wave is wave motion in matter ,it can be best
understood by considering water waves.

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What is doppler effect?
Doppler effect is the change into the observed frequency
when there is relative motion between source and
receiver. As proposed by scientist Christian Doppler in
1842.

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Why does the Doppler effect happen?

The frequency of the sound The frequency of the sound heard

heard by the listener is same as by the listener is not the same as
the source frequency . the source frequency .

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 Doppler effect will not occur if:
If the source and observer both move in the same
direction at the same speed.
Where one source/observer is at the center of a circle
while the other is moving on it with uniform speed.

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Different Cases:
 
Lets take sound of wavelength=, frequency=f ,
speed=V .
 V0 and Vs represent the speed of the observer and
source respectively.

f=V/ ;

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  
Case 1: Stationary source and moving observer :

The speed of the waves in relation to the observer will be V`=V+Vo

The wavelength will remains the same.
Apparent frequency f` is
∴ f`=V`/
f`=(V+Vo)/
But =V/f
∴ f` =

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    observer decides to walk away from the source
If the
then the frequency experienced by observer is:
f` =

Case 2:Stationary observer and moving source:

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 -In the duration between one wave being emitted the
source is already moved .
-As a result, the wavefronts heard by the observer are
closer together than the wavefronts that would hear
when the source was not moving.

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  The ` measured by the observer is shorter than the
wavelength of the source which is .
But speed of sound waves w. r. t observer will not
change
f`=V/`
f`= V/ (-(Vs/f) )
 f` = *f

If the source is moving away from the observer, each

wave is emitted from a position farther from the
observer than the previous wave.
f` = *f

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  Case 3:Both source and observer are in motion:

 f` = *f
The sign of Vs and Vo depend on the direction of the
velocity.

A positive value is used for motion of the observer or the

source toward the other, and negative value is used for
motion of one away from the other.

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Application:
1)Bat:
Bats detects a change a pitch between the emitted
whistle ,and received echo.
2)RADAR :
The doppler effect is used in some types of RADAR , to
measure the speed of detected objects.
 Police officer uses radar guns to check for speeding
vehicles.


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 Medical :
 Physicians and medical technicians apply uses
doppler effect to measure the rate and direction of
blood flow in patient’s body, along with ultra-sound.
 Ultra-sound beam are pointed towards an artery, and
the reflected waves exhibit a shift in frequency ,
because the blood cells are acting as moving sources of
sound waves.

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 4)Doppler effect has found can be use in other area such
as:
Satellite communication
 Flow measurement
Vibration measurement

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References
NCERT Physics class 12th
Relativity and the Doppler effect -IEEE

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 Thank you

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