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Presented By:: CC Abegail Ibañez
Presented By:: CC Abegail Ibañez
NIAL
CT
SCANPresented by:
CC ABEGAIL IBAÑEZ
NEUROAN
ATOMY
Frontal Bone
Superior frontal
gyrus
Coronal suture
Precentral sulcus
Falx cerebri
Precentral gyrus
Parietal bone
Central sulcus Paracentral lobe
Post central gyrus
Precuneus
Superior parietal lobule
• To prevent unnecessary
irradiation of the orbits,
Cranial CTs are performed at
an angle parallel to the base
of the skull.
TECHN
IQUE
• Slice thickness may vary, but
in general, it is between 5 and
10 mm for a routine Cranial
CTs
Types of head CT’s
A. Non-contrast
B. Contrast
● IV contrast is given to better evaluate:
○ Vascular structures
○ Tumors
○ Sites of infection
○ Relative contraindications:
The decision as to whether to use axial or helical scan should be influenced by the specific
patient indication, scanner capabilities, and image quality requirements.
BASICS…
X-RAYS ARE ABSORBED TO DIFFERENT DEGREES
BY
DIFFERENT TISSUES
● Always describe CT findings as densities:
isodense/ hypodense/hyperdense
● Higher the density = whiter is the appearance
● Lower the density = darker the appearance
● Brain is the reference density
● Anything of the same density as brain= ISODENSE
● Higher density than brain= HYPERDENSE
o skull is the best example
● Anything darker (lower density) than brain=HYPODENSE
o CSF and air are classical examples
Hounsfield Unit
● It is the mean attenuation of x-rays by different tissues
● The normal head contains air-filled spaces: the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and
sphenoid sinuses and the mastoid air cells
● Opacification of an air space may occur because of fluids such as pus, mucus, or
blood; mucosal edema; or because of tumor invasion of the space.
NORMAL
PLAIN AXIAL
CRANIAL CT
SCAN
AXIAL SECTIONS OF CT HEAD
POSTERIOR FOSSA CUTS
● Above The Foramen Magnum Level
● Above the level Of The Fourth Ventricle
● Above The Fourth Ventricular Level
● Tentorial Cuts
SUPRATENTORIAL SECTIONS :
● Third Ventricular Level
● Lateral Ventricular Level
● Above Ventricular Level
Above the Foramen Magnum Level
Level of the Fourth Ventricle
Above the Fourth Ventricular Level
Third ventricular level
Lateral ventricular level
Above ventricular level
Upper cortex
A=FALX CEREBRI B=SULCUS C=GYRUS D=SUPERIOR SAGGITAL SINUS
References
● Benjamin Trevias, MD Pocket Guide for Emergent Head CT Interpretation
● Murphy, A. (2021). Windowing (CT) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Retrieved
17 January 2021, from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/windowing-ct#:~:text=Windowing%2C
%20also%20known%20as%20grey,picture%20to%20highlight%20particular%20structures.
● http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/headct/index.html
● FERNE / EMRA 2009 Mid-Atlantic Emergency Medicine Medical Student Symposium: ABCs of
Head CT Interpretation; Heather M. Prendergast MD,
MPH.http://www.ferne.org/Lectures/emra_midatl_2009/pdf/
● Dr. Piyush Ojha, Radiological Anatomy Of Normal Ct Brain.Department Of Neurology.Govt
Medical College, Kota