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COMM 190 – Introduction to Digital Business and Technology

Shaun Cahill, MBA

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Business Process Model

and Notation v2.0
(BPMN v2.0)
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BPMN Core Symbols

Events

Activities
Gateways
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Events – START and END

The START event triggers the

beginning of the process.

START Event

The END event triggers the

end of the process.

END Event
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Activities

The activity or task that needs

to be compete.

Activity
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Gateway – Exclusive

The Exclusive gateway

introduces logic to are
Business Process. It defines a
Exclusive decision point in the process.
Gateway
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Gateway – Exclusive

Gateways are used to (Open)

up a path and (Close) a path in
the process.
Exclusive
Gateway
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Gateway – Exclusive

Yes
Is Product
in Stock?
OPENING
Binary Logic, only
one path can be
taken

No
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Gateway – Exclusive

CLOSING
Reconnects branch
without the need
for logic.
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BPMN Pools and Lanes

Pools and lanes

represent
responsibilities for
activities in a process

Lanes subdivide
pools (Roles,
departments,
systems etc)
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BPMN Notation: Exercise 1

Model
Modeldaily
dailyactivities:
activities:

I Iwake
wakeup upatat6.30.
6.30.First,
First,I Iwash
washmy
myface.
face.Then,
Then,I Ieat
eatbreakfast.
breakfast.After
Afterthat,
that,I I
drive
drivetotowork.
work.I Iperform
performmy mywork
workduties
dutiesand
andthen
thenI Idrive
driveback
backhome.
home.
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BPMN Notation: Exercise 2

Model pizza order activity:

Model pizza order activity:

I Iplace
placethe
thepizza
pizzaorder.
order.Payment
Paymentisisreceived
receivedwhilewhilepizza
pizzaisisbeing
beingbaked.
baked.
Then
Thenthethepizza
pizzaisisserved
servedso
sothat
thatI Ican
caneat
eatit.it.
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BPMN Notation: Exercise 3

Model invoice mismatch review activity:

Model invoice mismatch review activity:

When I receive an invoice, it needs to be reviewed to see if there are any mismatches.
When I receive an invoice, it needs to be reviewed to see if there are any mismatches.
If there are no mismatches the invoice is posted. If there is a mismatch that is
If there are no mismatches the invoice is posted. If there is a mismatch that is
correctable, it is corrected and resent to the customer. If the mismatch is not
correctable, it is corrected and resent to the customer. If the mismatch is not
correctable, the invoice is blocked. At the end of the process all invoices are archived.
correctable, the invoice is blocked. At the end of the process all invoices are archived.
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COMM 190 – Introduction to Digital Business and Technology

Shaun Cahill, MBA

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Token Theory
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Token Theory
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Token Theory
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Token Theory

10 Min
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Token Theory

24 Hours
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Token Theory

30 Min
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Token Theory

6 Hours
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Token Theory

30 Hours
40 Min
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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Exclusive Gateway

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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens - Parallel
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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Tokens – Parallel - Applied

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Gateway – Inclusive

Use the Inclusive Gateway to

include logic to allow the
process to flow down one or
Inclusive Gateway more paths
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Gateway – Inclusive
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Pools – Collapsed

Pools and lanes

represent
responsibilities for
activities in a process

Lanes subdivide pools

(Roles, departments,
systems etc)

Collapsed Pool

Collapsed pools are used to represent external process participants.

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Events – Message

Represents incoming or
outgoing messages

Also used to represent the

Message Event sending or receiving of goods,
money etc.
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Events – Message
START INTERMEDIATE END

CATCHING THROWING

Start Message Event Throwing End Message Event

Catching Intermediate intermediate Message
Message Event Event
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Events – Message - Applied

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Events – Message
START INTERMEDIATE END

CATCHING THROWING

Start Message Event Throwing End Message Event

Catching Intermediate intermediate Message
Message Event Event
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Events – Message
START INTERMEDIATE END

CATCHING THROWING

Plain Start Plain Intermediate Plain end

Event Event Event

Start Message Event Throwing End Message Event

Catching Intermediate intermediate Message
Message Event Event
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Events – Message
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Applied Example
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Applied Exercise

After the voucher(s) have been delivered to the Player a brochure

to the newly renovated theater will be delivered afterwards.
Depending on the level of the player different vouchers will be
included. If they received a meal, a brochure to the restaurant will
be included. If they received a drink, a brochure to the lounge will
be included. If they received a room a brochure to the hotel will be
included. Once the brochures have been given to the player the
Player Management System will be updated with the brochures
that have been sent for follow-up.
Map the new process so all hosts will know what to do.
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Solution to Applied Exercise

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Events - Timer

Represents a date, time or

period of time.
Timer Event
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Events – Message
START INTERMEDIATE END

CATCHING THROWING

Plain Start Plain Intermediate Plain end

Event Event Event

Catching Throwing
Start Message Intermediate intermediate End Message
Event Message Event Message Event Event

Intermediate
Start Timer Event Timer Event
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Events – Conditional

Defines an event which is

trigged if a given condition is
evaluated to true.
Conditional
Event
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Events – Conditional
CATCHING THROWING

Plain Start Plain Intermediate Plain end

Event Event Event

Catching Throwing
Start Message Intermediate intermediate End Message
Event Message Event Message Event Event

Intermediate
Start Timer Event Timer Event

Conditional
Conditional Start Intermediate
Event Event
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Message and Timer Event - Example

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Events – Attached

The activity gets cancelled

through the occurrence of the
event.

If the event occurs, then an

alternate path is taken.
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Attached Events - Example

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Gateway – Event Based

Reacts to occurring events and

only one path can be taken.
Event Based
Gateway
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Gateway – Event Based

Event Based Gateways are

always followed by a catching
event.

Process waits until on the

events occurs.
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Gateway – Event Based

Reuse exclusive or
gateway to close the
split.
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Applied Example
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First Class Boarding a Flight Exercise

When a first-class passenger arrives at the airport, the boarding team checks
them in right away. Once checked in, the passenger escorted to the first-class
lounge. To ensure the passengers are happy, the boarding team will offer the
passenger a drink and snack. The boarding team then escorts the passenger to
their seat on the plane thirty minutes before takeoff. In the meantime, after the
check-in, the cargo team will load the passenger's luggage onto one of the
cargo containers. Now one of two events can occur. First, if a cargo container is
fully loaded, the cargo team will load it onto the aircraft. The second option is
that if there are only 30 minutes left before takeoff, all containers – no matter if
they are full or not - will be collected and then loaded onto the aircraft. After
both teams have completed their tasks, the plane is ready for takeoff.
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First Class Boarding a Flight Exercise - Solution

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 Process Scope 90

• Keep the process simple and meaningful

• RECOMMENDED: No more than fifteen tasks per

process

• There are three levels of scope

• Level 1 – High-level to describe the various
stages and departments involved in the process
• Level 2 – Medium level to describe end to end
process across the various departments
• Level 3 – The detailed steps to complete the
process within a single department
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 Collaboration 92

• There is a specific method to correctly express the

collaboration between different process participants.

• Do not use message events to handover the process

within one organization
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Collaboration
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Collaboration
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Collaboration
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Consistent Flow

• Ensure that the token can start and finish in each pool
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Consistent Flow
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Consistent Flow
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Consistent Flow
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Naming Convention

• Label the pool as the company name

• Do not use names to label the lanes within a pool use
generic names such as department names.
• For tasks use an active naming style (VERB)
• For events use a passive naming style (NON-VERB))
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Naming Convention
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Events – Link

Always appears as a pair and is

used to replace a sequence
flow.
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Events – Link
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Events – Link
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Events – Link
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Activity – Sub Process

A subprocess links to a more

detailed process. It is often
used to simplify a process to
reduce the number of steps.
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Activity – Sub Process

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Activity – Sub Process

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Activity – Sub Process

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Data – Object

Represents data flowing

through the process, such as
business documents emails or
letters.

Should only be used if the

scope of the process requires
it. For example, the
implementation of a new
invoicing system the
implementers know when to
print invoices.
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Data – Object
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Data – Store

Represents a place where the

process can read or write data.

A data store persists beyond

the life of the process instance.
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Data – Store
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