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OVERVIEW OF THERMODYNAMICS 2
 THERMODYNAMICS

THERMODYNAMICS IS THE FIELD OF PHYSICS THAT DEALS WITH

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAT AND OTHER PROPERTIES (SUCH
AS PRESSURE, DENSITY, TEMPERATURE, ETC.) IN A SUBSTANCE.
SPECIFICALLY, THERMODYNAMICS FOCUSES LARGELY ON HOW A
HEAT TRANSFER IS RELATED TO VARIOUS ENERGY CHANGES
WITHIN A PHYSICAL SYSTEM UNDERGOING A THERMODYNAMIC
PROCESS.
 THE CONTENTS OF THERMODYNAMICS 2:

A. PROPERTIES OF STEAM H. REHEAT-REGENERATIVE CYCLE

B. USE OF STEAM TABLE I. BINARY CYCLES
C. PROCESS OF VAPORS J. TOPPING OR SUPERPOSING CYCLES
D. VAPOR POWER CYCLES K. INCOMPLETE EXPANSION ENGINE
E. SIMPLE RANKINE CYCLE L. OTHER GAS POWER CYCLE
• COMPONENTS OF A SIMPLE VAPOR POWER CYCLE M. GAS COMPRESSION ANALYSIS
F. REHEAT CYCLE N. REAL GASES
G. REGENERATIVE CYCLE
 TERMINOLOGIES
• STEAM IS AN INVISIBLE GAS CONSISTING OF VAPORIZED WATER,
WHICH IS FORMED WHEN WATER BOILS.
• STEAM TABLES ARE DEFINED AS THE THERMODYNAMIC DATA THAT
CONTAIN THE PROPERTIES OF WATER OR STEAM.
• VAPOR IS THE GASEOUS STATE OF A SUBSTANCE THAT IS EITHER LIQUID
OR SOLID BEFORE IT REACHES ITS CRITICAL POINT.
• VAPOR POWER CYCLES, AS THE NAME SUGGESTS, USE VAPOR IN ONE
PHASE OF THE CYCLE FOR POWER GENERATION OR FOR MOVING THE
PRIME MOVER IN STEAM POWER PLANTS OR IN STEAM POWERED SHIPS.
• THE RANKINE CYCLE IS ONE OF MANY THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES THAT
IS USED TO PRODUCE MECHANICAL WORK.
 TERMINOLOGIES
• THE REHEAT CYCLE INCREASES THE TURBINE WORK AND CONSEQUENTLY
THE NET WORK OF THE CYCLE.
• THE REGENERATIVE CYCLE. REGENERATION IN THERMODYNAMICS PROCESS
REFERS TO A METHOD WHERE THE CERTAIN QUANTITY OF HEAT ABSTRACTED
FROM THE STEAM IS UTILIZED TO HEAT THE WATER.
• A BINARY VAPOR CYCLE IS DEFINED IN THERMODYNAMICS AS A POWER
CYCLE THAT IS A COMBINATION OF TWO CYCLES, ONE IN A HIGH
TEMPERATURE REGION AND THE OTHER IN A LOWER TEMPERATURE REGION.
• TOPPING CYCLE IS THE PROCESS OF USING FUEL TO GENERATE MECHANICAL
ENERGY WHICH IS USED TO CREATE ELECTRICITY USING A GENERATOR.
• EXPANSION ENGINE IS A VERTICAL SINGLE ACTING RECIPROCATING TYPE
HIGH PRESSURE ENGINE FOR OXYGEN AND NITROGEN MANUFACTURING.
 TERMINOLOGIES
• GAS POWER CYCLES DEAL WITH SYSTEMS THAT PRODUCE POWER IN WHICH THE
WORKING FLUID REMAINS A GAS THROUGHOUT THE CYCLE (IN OTHER WORDS, THERE
IS NO CHANGE IN PHASE).
• A GAS IS A SAMPLE OF MATTER THAT CONFORMS TO THE SHAPE OF A CONTAINER IN
WHICH IT IS HELD AND ACQUIRES A UNIFORM DENSITY INSIDE THE CONTAINER, EVEN
IN THE PRESENCE OF GRAVITY AND REGARDLESS OF THE AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE IN
THE CONTAINER.
• A GAS COMPRESSOR IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE THAT INCREASES THE PRESSURE OF A
GAS BY REDUCING ITS VOLUME.
• COMPRESSORS ARE SIMILAR TO PUMPS: BOTH INCREASE THE PRESSURE ON A FLUID
AND BOTH CAN TRANSPORT THE FLUID THROUGH A PIPE.
• A GAS IS A FORM OF MATTER THAT DOES NOT HAVE A DEFINED SHAPE OR VOLUME.
• A REAL GAS IS A GAS THAT DOES NOT BEHAVE AS AN IDEAL GAS DUE TO INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN GAS MOLECULES.
THANK YOU

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