Introduction to Database

DIPRESENTASIKAN OLEH:
Hernawati Susanti Samosir : hernawati@del.ac.id
Del Institute of Technology

Materi Kuliah Minggu 5 Sesi 2

Introduction to Information System and Database
ISS3280
Overview
 What is Database?
 What is Database Management System (DBMS)?
 What is Database System?
 Why Database?
 Data System and Model (RDBMS, OODBMS, and ORDBMS)
 Data Hierarchy
 Big Data, Data Warehouse, and Data Mart.

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Objectives
 Be able to understand the meaning of database
 Be able to explain and elaborate the objectives of using database
 Be able to identify and explain the concept of Database Management System
(DBMS)
 Be able to understand the hierarcy of database
 Be able to understand about big data, data warehouse, and data mart.

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Introduction What can you see
from the figure?

 Notes / documents
 Pictures
 Charts
 Laptops
 Smartphones
 Cloud Storages
 Server
Filtering

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Introduction Do you know this?

The size of each dataset will be on the order of

10 TB (TeraByte) per year

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What is Database?
“A collection of persistant data that is by the application systems of some given
enterprise.” C. J. Date – Introduction to Database Systems

“A database is an organized collection of data.[1] It is the collection of schemas,

tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects.

Database is a collection of related files containing records on people, places, or

things and make data easy to access and manage.

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What is Database Management
System?
“Database Mangement System (DBMS) is a software system that enables users to
define, create, maintain, and control access to the database.” Connoly and Begg,
2005
Example:
 Microsoft SQL Server
 Microsoft Access
 Oracle
 PostgreSQL
 MySQL
 NoSQL
 MongoDB
 etc.

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 Consists of 4 major
components:
What is Database System? 1.
2.
Users
Hardware
“Database System is a computerized 3. Software
record-keeping systems; i.e., it is a 4. Data
computerized system whose overall
purpose is to store information and to
allow users to retrieve and update that
information on demand.” C. J. Date –
Introduction to Database Systems

“A database system is a collection of

application programs that interact with
the database along with the DBMS and
database itself. ” Connoly and Begg,
2005
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Why Database?
The advantage of Database System
1. Compactness: there is no need for possibly volumnious paper files.
2. Speed: the machine can retrieve and update data far faster than a human can.
3. Less drudgery: much of the sheer tedium of maintaining files by hand is
eliminated.
4. Currency: accurate, up-to-date information is available on demand at any
time.

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Why Database?
The advantage of Database
1. The data can be shared.
2. Redundancy can be reduced.
3. Inconsistency can be avoided (to some extent).
4. Transaction support can be provided.
5. Integrity can be maintained.
6. Security can be enforced.
7. Conflicting requirements can be balanced.
8. Standards can be enforced.

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Data System and Model (RDBMS,
OODBMS, and ORDBMS)
“Data system is a term used to refer to an organized collection of
symbols and processes that may be used to operate on such symbols.”
Wikepedia
“A system model is the conceptual model as a result of system
modeling that describes and represents a system. A system comprises
multiple views such as planning, requirement (analysis), design,
implementation, deployment, structure, behavior,
input data, and output data views. A system model is required to
describe and represent all these multiple views.“ Wikipedia

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Data System and Model (RDBMS,
OODBMS, and ORDBMS)
 Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a
database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as
invented by E. F. Codd, of IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory. Wikipedia
The relational model (RM) for database management is an approach to
managing data using a structure and language consistent with
first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by Edgar F. Codd,[1][2] where all
data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.

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Data System and Model (RDBMS,
OODBMS, and ORDBMS)
Object-oriented Database Management System (OODBMS)
An object database (also object-oriented database management system) is a
database management system in which information is represented in the form of
objects as used in object-oriented programming.
 Object-relational Database Management System (ORDBMS)
An object-relational database (ORD), or object-relational database
management system (ORDBMS), is a database management system (DBMS)
similar to a relational database, but with an object-oriented database model:
objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported in database schemas and in
the query language.

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Structure of Database Server

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 Database

Data File File

Hierarchy Record Record Record

Field Field

Byte Byte

Bit Bit

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Bit and Byte
Bit
adalah suatu sistem angka biner yang terdiri atas dua macam nilai saja, yaitu 0 dan 1. Sistem
angka biner merupakan dasar dasar yang dapat digunakan untuk komunikasi antara manusia
dan mesin (komputer) yang merupakan sekumpulan komponen elektronik dan hanya dapat
membedakan dua keadaan saja (on dan off). Jadi bit adalah unit terkecil dari pembentuk
data.

Byte
adalah bagian terkecil yang dapat dialamatkan dalam memori. Byte merupakan
sekumpulan bit yang secara konvensional terdiri atas kombinasi delapan bit.
Satu byte digunakan untuk mengkodekan satu buah karakter dalam memori.
Contoh: Kode Ascii untuk J ialah 10101010. Jadi byte adalah kumpulan bit yang membentuk
satu karakter (huruf, angka, atau tanda). Dengan kombinasi 8 bit, dapat diperoleh 256
karakter (= 2 pangkat 8).
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Bit and Byte
Field
adalah unit terkecil yang disebut data. Field merupakan sekumpulan byte yang
mempunyai makna. Contoh: Joni yang merupakan field nama.  Jadi field ibarat
kumpulan karakter yang membentuk suatu kata.
Record 
adalah kumpulan item yang secara logic saling berhubungan. Setiap record
dapat dikenali oleh sesuatu yang mengenalinya, yaitu field kunci. Gambar 1
merupakan contoh dari record. Jadi record ibarat kumpulan kata yang
membentuk satu kalimat yang berarti, misal gambar 1 mewakili kalimat: Joni
memenmpuh mata kuliah MIS (kode IS101) dengan nilai A.

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Bit and Byte
File 
atau tabel adalah kumpulan record yang sejenis dan secara logic
berhubungan. Pembuatan dan pemeliharaan file adalah faktor yang
sangat penting dalam sistem informasi manajemen yang memakai
komputer. Jadi tabel ibarat kumpulan baris/record yang membentuk
satu tabel yang berarti, misal gambar 2 mewakili tabel nilai mata
kuliah DB.

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 Database
Illustration
Database merupakan kumpulan file-
file yang berhubungan secara logis
dan digunakan secara rutin pada
operasi-operasi sistem informasi.
Berisi elemen-elemen data yang
disusun ke dalam file-file yang
diorganisasikan berdasarkan sebuah
skema atau struktur tertentu,
tersimpan di hardware komputer dan
dengan software untuk melakukan
manipulasi data untuk kegunaan
tertentu.
Menunjukkan suatu kumpulan tabel
yang dipakai dalam suatu lingkup
perusahaan atau instansi untuk tujuan
tertentu. Contoh suatu database
adalah database akademik yang berisi
file-file: mahasiswa, dosen, kurikulum,
dan jadwal yang diperlukan untuk
mendukung operasi sistim informasi
akademik. DEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - ETS 19
DBMS Usage

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 DBMS Usage
From DBMS,
Data Warehouse,
to Big Data

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The 4 V’s of Big
Data
Volume : Data at rest; Terabytes to
Exabyte of existing data to process.

Velocity : Data in motion; streaming

data, milliseconds to seconds to
respond.

Variety : Data in many forms;

structured, unstructured, text,
multimedia.

Veracity : Data in doubt; uncertainty

due to data inconsistency and
incompleteness, ambiguities, latency,
deception, model approximations.

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Big Data vs.
Data warehouse
Big data refers to a process that is used
when traditional data mining and
handling techniques cannot uncover
the insights and meaning of the
underlying data. 

Data warehouse – a logical collection

of information – gathered from many
different operational databases – that
supports business analysis activities
and decision-making tasks

The primary difference between a big

data and a data warehouse is that a
big data consists of unstructured data,
whereas a data warehouse consists of
structured data from modelling
process.

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Data warehouse
vs. Data Mart
A data mart is a subset of the data
warehouse, which concentrates on a
specific business unit.
A data mart, may or may not
derived from a data warehouse and
is aimed at meeting an immediate
requirement.
A Data Mart is the implementation
of a Data Warehouse with a range
restricted to a functional area,
particular problem, department,
subject or group of needs.
In addition to the main DW can be
multiple Data Marts (DM). DMs may
or may not dependent on other data
marts in an organization.

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Thank you
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