GROUP’S PRESENTATION

FINAL PROJECT

 AFIF NURDIYANA BT RAZAMAN [AA121498]

 ANIS ASYIFA BT ZAMRI [AA121215]
 NURUL HIKMAH BT ARIS [AA121321]
 NURUL NADHIRA BT HAMZAH [AA121220] 1
DAC 10402 20/5/2013
 PRESENTATION SCOPE
 Problem Faced
 The Alternative Material
 Concept of Sustainability
 Definition of Bitumen and Recycled Pavement
 The Introduction of RECYCLED
PAVEMENT
 Properties of RECYCLED PAVEMENT
 The Process Involved
 The Advantages and Disadvantages of RP

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 PROBLEM FACED
 Bitumen manufacture causes environmental impacts at all
stages of the process.
 Bitumen manufacturing releases Carbon dioxide, water and
smaller amount of Carbon Monoxide in the atmosphere.
 All hydrocarbons give off fumes when they are heated and
all hydrocarbon fumes are potentially damaging to the
environment.
 It will burn fiercely if its temperature raised sufficiently.
 Odour from fumes is probably the major problem associated
with bitumen use which the residents living near the
boundary of plant and factory can smell the fumes.

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 ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL
 The alternative materials that have potential to
replace the bitumen is Recycled
Pavement/Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP)

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 ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL

RECYCLED
BITUMEN
PAVEMENT

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 CONCEPT OF
SUSTAINABILITY
 The concept of sustainability is a wide approach in a
period when environmental problems caused by various
human activities are requiring serious solutions.
 In this context, Sustainable roadway construction can
be defined as the optimal use of natural and man-made
resources during the roadway lifecycle causing
negligible damage to the environment.
 Two means of improving the sustainability of roadways
are to minimize the amount of energy consumed for
their construction and to efficiently use roadway
materials to reduce waste.
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 SUSTAINABLE
CONSTRUCTION
 Sustainable construction aims at reducing the
environmental impact of a building over its
entire lifetime,while optimizing its economic
viability and the comfort and safety of its
occupants.

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 SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
 Recycled pavement inherently contributes to sustainability in
many respects, and in others these tools are helping the industry
set goals to foster improvements towards a sustainable society.
 To date most sustainability or green voluntary certification
programs attempting to quality sustainable materials have
focused primarily on i)energy
 ii)material and
 iii)water conservation
 iv)indoor environmental quality
 v)and site selection and development.
 Each of these is an important aspect of sustainable building
design and road construction.
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 Definition of Bitumen

 Bitumen is a naturally occurring mixture of

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
 The mixture takes the form of a viscous, black, sticky
tar-like substance.
 It can be refined from crude oil by fractional
distillation.

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o The primary use of asphalt/bitumen
is in road construction, where it is
with aggregate. The other main uses
for sealing flat roofs.

o Also called Asphalt

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 Definition Of Recycled
Pavement
 Reprocessed pavement materials
containing asphalt and aggregates.

 These materials are generated when

asphalt pavements are removed for :
-Reconstruction
-Resurfacing
-To obtain access to buried utilities.

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 THE POTENTIAL OF RP TO
REPLACE BITUMEN
 The same material can be recycled again and again, it
never loses its value.
 While reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is the
material most often used in asphalt recycling, materials
from other industries are routinely recycled into asphalt
pavements instead of going into landfills.
 Asphalt plants also recycle the fine mineral particles
that are generated in the process of producing asphalt
pavement material.
 This routine recycling of co-generated material helps to
conserve natural resources.
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THE NEEDS OF REPLACING THE EXISTING MATERIALS

Help in
conservation of
natural
resources

Substantial Maintain pavement

savings over the Why Need To
geometrics as well
use of new Replace Existing as pavement
materials Material? thickness

Reduces pollution

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 INTRODUCTION TO RECYCLED PAVEMENT

Recycling or reuse of pavement material is a very simple but powerful concept.

Recycling of existing pavement to produce new pavement materials

is considerable savings of material, money, and energy.

It also helps to solve disposal problems because of the reuse of existing

material, pavement geometrics and thickness can also be maintained
during construction.

In some cases, traffic disruption is less than that for other

rehabilitation techniques

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 PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED
PAVEMENT
 Physical Properties
 Mechanical Properties
 Chemical Properties

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 Physical & Mechanical Properties Of Recycled Pavement

Type of Property RAP Property Typical Range of Values

1940 - 2300 kg/m 3 (120-140 lb/ft
Physical Properties Unit Weight
3)
Moisture Content Normal : up to 5%Maximum: 7-8%
Asphalt Content Normal : 4.5-6% Maximum Range: 3-7%
Asphalt Penetration Normal : 10-80 at 25°C (77°F)
Absolute Viscosity or
Normal : 4,000 - 25,000 poises at 60°C
Recovered Asphalt
(140°F)
Cement
1600 - 2000 kg/m 3 (100-125 lb/ft
Mechanical Properties Compacted Unit Weight
3)
100% RAP: 20-25% 40% RAP and 60%
California Bearing
Natural Aggregate: 150% or higher
Ratio (CBR)

Table 1:Physical and mechanical properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

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 Chemical Properties Of Recycled
Pavement
Mineral aggregates constitute the overwhelming majority (93 to 97 percent by weight)
of RAP.

Asphalt cement is made up of mainly high molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon

compounds, but also small concentrations of other materials such as sulphur,nitrogen
and polycyclic hydrocarbons(aromatic/naphthenic)

It is a combination of asphaltenes and maltenes (resins and oils).

Oxidation of aged asphalt causes the oils to convert to resins and the resins to convert to
asphaltenes, resulting in age hardening and a higher viscosity binder.

Asphaltenes are more viscous than either resins or oils and play a major role in
determining asphalt viscosity.

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 
THE PROCESS INVOLVED
The following methods of roadway rehabilitation recycle old
pavement into new 2 type of recyled:

1 COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLED

1.The pavement is removed by cold planing to a depth of 3 to 4
inches.
2.The material is pulverized, sized, and mixed with an
additive.
3.Aggregate may be added to modify RAP
characteristics.
4. An asphalt emulsion or a recycling agent is added, then the material
is
placed and compacted.
5. A 3-piece "train" may be used, consisting of a cold planing machine, a
screening,crushing,mixing unit, and conventional laydown and rolling equipment.

6.Caltrans has used cold in-place recycling in over 25 projects in

California. DAC 10402 20/5/2013 18
2 Hot, In-Place Recycling:

1.The pavement is softened by heating and is scarified or hot milled to a

depth of 3/4 to 1-1/2 inches and mixed.

2.New hot mix material and/or a recycling agent is added in a

single pass of the machine.

3.A new wearing course may also be added with an additional pass
after compaction.

 Another process involved :

-Hot Mix--Remixing.
-Hot Mix--Repave. Hot Mix--Heater Scarification
-Full-Depth Reclamation.
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ADVANTAGES OF RP

ENVIRONMENTAL
BENEFIT

ENGINEERING
BENEFITS

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

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 ADVANTAGES OF RP
Environmental Benefits:
 Air quality problems resulting from dust, fumes,
and smoke are minimized.
 Reduces the amount of new oil byproduct
needed
 saves on construction material waste, as the
recycled material is not sent to a landfill.
 Lessen the pollution and CO2 produced at each
step of the process

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 ADVANTAGES OF RP

Economic Benefits
 Cost is susceptible to fluctuating prices in the
market.
 Contractors save by reducing energy,
materials and waste-hauling costs.
 Lower quality asphalt can be used as a
substitute for embankment, fill or road base
material.

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 ADVANTAGES OF RP

ENGINEERING BENEFITS
 Provide engineering benefits for contractors
and government agencies involved in road
maintenance
 Save engineers and contractors time, money
and materials
 Allowing for more efficient road maintenance
projects.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF RP

Cold Temperature Performance

 When in cold climates the use of recycled asphalt may contribute to the cracking of
pavements.
 The stiffness properties of the mix increase under these conditions.
Mix Guidelines
 The current guidelines suggest a mix of 15 percent recycled asphalt paving.
 If higher amounts of mix are used, blending charts provide guidelines on the amounts
of recycled asphalt paving to use, depending on the grade of the binder.
Variance in Quality
 The quality of the paving can vary.
 The quality of the recycled paving depends on factors such as the number of times the
source pavement had been resurfaced or had other work done on it.
 Sometimes debris and soil can get into the material while it is being stored for recycling.
 Thus, some measure of quality checking is necessary to see if the recycled paving is
suitable for its intended use.
 

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THANK YOU

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