OUTLINE

1. Variables

2. Types of Variables

3. Basic Terms of Statistics

4. Data and its Types

5. Sources of Data

6. Statistics as a Science or an Art

1
 VARIABLES
 A variable is an interested criterion to be measured or observed on each individual or variable

is a characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements such as

Gender, Age Group, Ethnicity, and Marital Status etc.

2
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

Types of
Variables

Qualitative Quantitative
Variables Variables

Nominal Ordinal Discrete Continuous

Variable Variable variables variables

3
 BASIC TERMS OF STATISTICS

 In order to understand statistics in details we need to first look into some basic terms used in
statistics.
1. Population

2. Sample

4
 DATA AND ITS TYPES
 “Data is the collection of facts and figures from which conclusions can be drawn”. Data can be
of two types.

Types of Data

Primary Data Secondary Data

5
 SOURCES OF DATA
Sources of
Data

Primary Secondary
Sources Sources

International
Observation Interview Questionnaire organizations Journals Newspapers

6
 STATISTICS AS A SCIENCE OR AN
ART

 We know that science is a body of systematized knowledge. How this knowledge is to be used
for solving a problem is work of an art. In addition to this, art also helps in achieving certain
objectives and to identify merits and demerits of methods that could be used.

 Thus, we conclude that since statistical methods are systematic and have general applications,
therefore, statistics is a science. Further since the successful application of these methods
depends, to a considerable degree, on the skill and experience of a statistician, therefore,
statistics is an art also.

7
 CONCLUSION

1) Variables

2) Types of Variables

3) Basic Terms of Statistics

4) Data and its Types

5) Sources of Data

6) Statistics as a Science or an Art

8
 REFERENCES

1. Elementary statistics By: Allan G. Bluman, seventh Edition

2. Fundamentals of Statistics By Attaullah Hazrat & Muzamil Haqmal

3. Statistics for Business and Economics By: David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas
A.Williams, Eleventh Edition